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References

Cædmon - Story and Hymn

Translations: Modern English

Wæs

wesan

verb

to be, exist (also weosan)

hé

personal pronoun

he (héo, hío fem she; hit, hyt neut it; hý, hí, híe, héo pl they)

demonstrative pronoun

(séo fem; þæt neut; þá pl of all three genders) the, that (also sé)

mon

mann

noun

1. a human being; 2. man (also man, monn, mon)

preposition

(Dat, Acc) 1. in a spatial sense: in, into; among; 2. in a temporal sense: in, at, about; during

weoruld-hade

woruldhád

noun

secular life, secular / lay state (of one's life and ways)

ȝeseted

ȝesettan

verb

1. to set, put; to place; to fix; 2. to appoint; to establish; 3. to prepare; 4. to make, create; to compose; 5. to settle, occupy (a place, territory, land, etc)

oð

óð

adverb, preposition

(Dat, Acc) 1. in a spatial sense: to, unto, as far as; 2. in a temporal sense: until (also óþ); fram eástdǽle óþ westdǽle from the eastern part of the country to the western one; óþ ðás daȝas until those days, till the time (when); óð þæt vid óþþæt

þa

demonstrative pronoun

(séo fem; þæt neut; þá pl of all three genders) the, that (also sé)

tide

tíd

noun

1. time; 2. hour; 3. gramm tense (a category of verb)

þe

particle, relative pronoun, conjunction

1. who, which, what; 2. when, after that; 3. (there) where; 4. than; twǽm læs þe twéntiȝ wintra two less than twenty winters/years; 5. (in hwæþer ... þe) or; if; hwæþer hé wacode ðe slépte whether he was awake or asleep

hé

personal pronoun

he (héo, hío fem she; hit, hyt neut it; hý, hí, híe, héo pl they)

wæs

wesan

verb

to be, exist (also weosan)

ȝelefedre

ȝelýfed

adjective

advanced in years, aged, old (also ȝeléfed)

ylde

yldo

noun

1. one's age, time of life; 2. old age, elderliness, senectitude; 3. century; age, epoch, era (also yldu, ieldo, ældo, ildo)

; ond

and

conjunction

and (also ond)

[he

hé

personal pronoun

he (héo, hío fem she; hit, hyt neut it; hý, hí, híe, héo pl they)

] næfre

nǽfre

adverb

never (also néfre)

næniȝ

nǽniȝ

adjective, pronoun

no-one, nobody; not any, none, no (also néniȝ)

leoð

léoþ

noun

1. song; 2. poem, verse (also léoð)

ȝeleornade

ȝeleornian

verb

1. to learn, study; to acquire education; 2. to learn, become aware (of), be informed; to find out

. Ond

and

conjunction

and (also ond)

hé

personal pronoun

he (héo, hío fem she; hit, hyt neut it; hý, hí, híe, héo pl they)

for-þon

forþǽm

conjunction

therefore, because; since; for (the reason) that (also forðǽm, forþám, forðám, forþan, forðan, forþon, forðon )

oft

adverb

often

preposition

(Dat, Acc) 1. in a spatial sense: in, into; among; 2. in a temporal sense: in, at, about; during

ȝebeorscipe

ȝebéorscipe

noun

drinking party, feast, banquet (also ȝebéorscype)

, þonne

þonne

adverb, conjunction

1. then, at that time; 2. then, after that; afterwards; 3. (then) when; 4. (rather) than (used after a comparative) (also ðonne, þanne, ðanne, þænne); læssa þonne oðre less(er) than others

þær

þǽr

adverb, conjunction

there; where, whither (also ðǽr, þár, ðár, þára, þér)

wæs

wesan

verb

to be, exist (also weosan)

blisse

blíþs

noun

1. joy, gladness; merriment; 2. pleasure; happiness; 3. kindness; grace, favour (also blíðs, bliss, blyss)

intinȝa

noun

1. cause, reason; pretext; 2. case; occasion

ȝedemed

ȝedǽman

verb

1. to judge, prosecute; to condemn; 2. to determine, decide; to ordain; 3. to deem, consider (also ȝedéman)

,
þæt¹

þæt²

conjunction, relative pronoun

1. that; 2. so that, in order that; 3. that, which (also ðæt)

heo

hé

personal pronoun

he (héo, hío fem she; hit, hyt neut it; hý, hí, híe, héo pl they)

ealle

eall

adjective, adverb

1. all, entire, whole; 2. everything; 3. entirely, wholly, fully (also eal, al, all)

sceolden

sculan

verb

(pres sceal, scal; p scolde, sceolde) 1) shall, ought; to be obliged; 2) to owe

þurh

preposition

(Acc) 1. in a spatial sense: through; 2. in a temporal sense: through, during, for; 3. through, by; by means of (also ðurh, þuruh, þorh, þerh, þærh)

ende-byrdnesse

endebyrdness

noun

1. order, succession; 2. method, way, manner; rule (also endebyrdniss)

adverb, preposition

(Dat, Instr) 1. by; near to; beside; at; on, upon; 2. around, round; about; 3. of, about; concerning, in reference to; 4. because of, for; by means of; according to, in conformity with (also bi, biȝ, bí)

hearpan

hearpe

noun

harp, lyre

sinȝan

verb

1. to sing; 2. transf to sound, ring, clank

,
þonne

þonne

adverb, conjunction

hé

personal pronoun

he (héo, hío fem she; hit, hyt neut it; hý, hí, híe, héo pl they)

ȝeseah

ȝeséon

verb

to see

þa

demonstrative pronoun

(séo fem; þæt neut; þá pl of all three genders) the, that (also sé)

hearpan

hearpe

noun

harp, lyre

him

hé

personal pronoun

he (héo, hío fem she; hit, hyt neut it; hý, hí, híe, héo pl they)

nealecan

néahlǽcan

verb

(p néalǽhte, also néallǽcte) to approach, to come / draw near (also néahlécan, néalǽcan, -lécan)

, þonne

þonne

adverb, conjunction

aras

árísan

verb

1. to stand up, get up; to rise; 2. to rise, appear above the horizon (of the sun, moon, etc); 3. to rise from the dead, resurrect; 4. to originate, come into existence

hé

personal pronoun

he (héo, hío fem she; hit, hyt neut it; hý, hí, híe, héo pl they)

for

preposition, conjunction

(Dat, Acc) 1. before, in front of; in the presence of; 2. during; 3. for, because (of), on account of; for þon, forþon vid forþǽm

scome

sceamu

noun

shame, confusion; disgrace (also sceomu, scomu, scamu, scame)

from

fram

preposition, adverb

(Dat) from; forth; out (also from)

þæm

demonstrative pronoun

(séo fem; þæt neut; þá pl of all three genders) the, that (also sé)

symble

symbel

noun

1. feast, banquet; party; 2. religious festivity; feast-day, holiday (also symel)

ond

and

conjunction

and (also ond)

ham

hám

noun

1. home, dwelling, house; 2. homeland, native country; 3. village; settlement; town; 4. property, estate; farm; hám ȝán to go home

eode

ȝán

verb

(p éode; p.p. ȝán) 1. to go, walk; 2. to go away, depart; 3. to move, proceed; 4. to happen; to take place

tó

preposition

(Dat) to, at

his

hé

personal pronoun

he (héo, hío fem she; hit, hyt neut it; hý, hí, híe, héo pl they)

huse

hús

noun

1. house, building; 2. household, family

.

Þa¹

þá²

adverb, conjunction

1. then; at that time; thereafter; 2. when (also ðá); þá þe (then) when [vid also þá¹]; þá … þá then, … when; when; þa ȝyt, þa ȝiet a) (even) more; still; b) besides (that); moreover, furhtermore

hé

personal pronoun

he (héo, hío fem she; hit, hyt neut it; hý, hí, híe, héo pl they)

þæt

þæt¹

demonstrative pronoun

that (also ðæt) [vid se]

þa¹

þá²

adverb, conjunction

sumre

sum

indefinite pronoun, adjective

1. some; 2. with cardinal numer.-s: one (of a company containing the specified number); syxa [seofona] sum he and six [seven] other men / persons

tide

tíd

noun

1. time; 2. hour; 3. gramm tense (a category of verb)

dyde

dón

verb

(p sing dyde; p.p. dón, dén) 1. to do, make; 2. to put, place

, þæt¹

þæt²

conjunction, relative pronoun

1. that; 2. so that, in order that; 3. that, which (also ðæt)

hé

personal pronoun

he (héo, hío fem she; hit, hyt neut it; hý, hí, híe, héo pl they)

forlet

forlǽtan

verb

1. to let go, release; 2. to give up, relinquish; 3. to leave, abandon; 4. to forgive, pardon

þæt

þæt¹

demonstrative pronoun

that (also ðæt) [vid se]

hus

hús

noun

1. house, building; 2. household, family

þæs

demonstrative pronoun

(séo fem; þæt neut; þá pl of all three genders) the, that (also sé)

ȝebeorscipes

ȝebéorscipe

noun

drinking party, feast, banquet (also ȝebéorscype)

ond

and

conjunction

and (also ond)

út

adverb

out; outside, without

wæs

wesan

verb

to be, exist (also weosan)

ȝonȝende

ȝanȝan

verb

1. to go, walk; 2. to travel, journey; 3. to move, proceed (also ȝonȝan)

tó

preposition

(Dat) to, at

neata

néat

noun

an ox, a cow; collect cattle

scipene

scipen

noun

cattle-shed, cow-house, stall (also scypen, scepen)

, þara

demonstrative pronoun

(séo fem; þæt neut; þá pl of all three genders) the, that (also sé)

heord

noun

herd; flock (also hiord, herd)

him

hé

personal pronoun

he (héo, hío fem she; hit, hyt neut it; hý, hí, híe, héo pl they)

wæs

wesan

verb

to be, exist (also weosan)

þære

demonstrative pronoun

(séo fem; þæt neut; þá pl of all three genders) the, that (also sé)

neahte

niht

noun

night (also næht, neaht, neht, nyht); nihtes at night, by night

beboden

p.p. of bebéodan

; þa¹

þá²

adverb, conjunction

hé

personal pronoun

he (héo, hío fem she; hit, hyt neut it; hý, hí, híe, héo pl they)

ða¹

þá²

adverb, conjunction

þær

þǽr

adverb, conjunction

there; where, whither (also ðǽr, þár, ðár, þára, þér)

preposition

(Dat, Acc) 1. in a spatial sense: in, into; among; 2. in a temporal sense: in, at, about; during

ȝelimplice

ȝelimplíc

adjective

suitable, fitting, appropriate; useful, convenient

tide

tíd

noun

1. time; 2. hour; 3. gramm tense (a category of verb)

his

hé

personal pronoun

he (héo, hío fem she; hit, hyt neut it; hý, hí, híe, héo pl they)

leomu

lim

noun

1. a limb; a member of a body, an organ; leomu or limu (pl) collect body; 2. branch

adverb, preposition

(Dat, Instr, Acc) 1. on, with, in; 2. in a temporal sense: on, at, in; within, during; on morȝenne in the morning; 3. by, with; with regard / respect to, in relation to

reste

rest

noun

1. rest, resting; 2. peace, tranquillity (also ræst, ræste, hræst)

ȝesette

ȝesettan

verb

1. to set, put; to place; to fix; 2. to appoint; to establish; 3. to prepare; 4. to make, create; to compose; 5. to settle, occupy (a place, territory, land, etc)

ond

and

conjunction

and (also ond)

onslepte

onslǽpan

verb

to fall asleep, to go to sleep; to sleep (also onslápan, onslépan)

, þa¹

þá²

adverb, conjunction

stod

standan

verb

(p stód; p.p. standen) 1. to stand; 2. to stand still, stop; to remain, continue, abide (also stondan)

him

hé

personal pronoun

he (héo, hío fem she; hit, hyt neut it; hý, hí, híe, héo pl they)

sum

indefinite pronoun, adjective

1. some; 2. with cardinal numer.-s: one (of a company containing the specified number); syxa [seofona] sum he and six [seven] other men / persons

mon

mann

noun

1. a human being; 2. man (also man, monn, mon)

æt

preposition

(Dat) 1) at; near, by, with; next to; 2) on, upon

þurh

preposition

(Acc) 1. in a spatial sense: through; 2. in a temporal sense: through, during, for; 3. through, by; by means of (also ðurh, þuruh, þorh, þerh, þærh)

swefn

swefen

noun

1. sleep; 2. dream (also swefn)

ond

and

conjunction

and (also ond)

hine

hé

personal pronoun

he (héo, hío fem she; hit, hyt neut it; hý, hí, híe, héo pl they)

halette

hálettan

verb

to greet, salute, hail (also hǽlettan)

ond

and

conjunction

and (also ond)

ȝrette

ȝrétan

verb

1. to greet, hail; to address, speak to; 2. to approach

ond

and

conjunction

and (also ond)

hine

hé

personal pronoun

he (héo, hío fem she; hit, hyt neut it; hý, hí, híe, héo pl they)

adverb, preposition

his

hé

personal pronoun

he (héo, hío fem she; hit, hyt neut it; hý, hí, híe, héo pl they)

noman

nama

noun

1. name; 2. gramm noun (also noma)

nemnde

nemnan

verb

1. to name, give a name (to); 2. to call by name; to invoke; 3. to mention, refer to (also næmnan)

: ‘Cedmon

Cædmon

proper name

Caedmon (a legendary Old English poet) (also Cedmon)

, sinȝ

sinȝan

verb

1. to sing; 2. transf to sound, ring, clank

personal pronoun

I (pers pron, 1-st pers, sing)

hwæt-hwuȝu

hwæthwuȝu

pronoun

1. something; 2. gram mean of an adv somewhat, a little; slightly (also hwæthwiȝu, -huȝu, -hweȝa)

!’
Þa¹

þá²

adverb, conjunction

ondswarede

andswarian

verb

to answer, respond (also andswerian, ondswarian, ondswerian)

hé

personal pronoun

he (héo, hío fem she; hit, hyt neut it; hý, hí, híe, héo pl they)

ond

and

conjunction

and (also ond)

cwæð

cweþan

verb

to say, speak (also cweðan)

: ‘Ne

adverb, conjunction

not, no; nor, neither; (also ni); ic ne dyde I did not do (that); ne secȝe ic éow I tell you, no

con

cunnan

verb

(pres cann, can; p cúðe, cúþe) 1. to know; 2. to be able; can

personal pronoun

I (pers pron, 1-st pers, sing)

noht

nówiht

noun

1. nothing, naught; 2. gram mean of an adv not; ne wæs hé nóht feor he was not far (also náwiht, nóht, náht)

sinȝan

verb

1. to sing; 2. transf to sound, ring, clank

; ond

and

conjunction

and (also ond)

personal pronoun

I (pers pron, 1-st pers, sing)

for-þon

forþǽm

conjunction

therefore, because; since; for (the reason) that (also forðǽm, forþám, forðám, forþan, forðan, forþon, forðon )

adverb, preposition

of, from, out of, off

þeossum

þes

demonstrative pronoun

(þéos fem; þis neut; þás pl of all three genders) this (also ðes, þés, ðés)

ȝebeorscipe

ȝebéorscipe

noun

drinking party, feast, banquet (also ȝebéorscype)

út

adverb

out; outside, without

eode

ȝán

verb

(p éode; p.p. ȝán) 1. to go, walk; 2. to go away, depart; 3. to move, proceed; 4. to happen; to take place

ond

and

conjunction

and (also ond)

hider

adverb

hither, to / towards this place

ȝewat

ȝewítan

verb

1. to go, pass; to go away, depart; 2. to die; to depart from this world, pass away

, for-þon

forþǽm

conjunction

therefore, because; since; for (the reason) that (also forðǽm, forþám, forðám, forþan, forðan, forþon, forðon )

personal pronoun

I (pers pron, 1-st pers, sing)

naht

nówiht

noun

1. nothing, naught; 2. gram mean of an adv not; ne wæs hé nóht feor he was not far (also náwiht, nóht, náht)

sinȝan

verb

1. to sing; 2. transf to sound, ring, clank

adverb, conjunction

not, no; nor, neither; (also ni); ic ne dyde I did not do (that); ne secȝe ic éow I tell you, no

cuðe

cunnan

verb

(pres cann, can; p cúðe, cúþe) 1. to know; 2. to be able; can

.’
Eft

eft

adverb

1. again, anew; a second time; 2. afterwards, then

hé

personal pronoun

he (héo, hío fem she; hit, hyt neut it; hý, hí, híe, héo pl they)

cwæð

cweþan

verb

to say, speak (also cweðan)

, se

demonstrative pronoun

(séo fem; þæt neut; þá pl of all three genders) the, that (also sé)

ðe

þe

particle, relative pronoun, conjunction

wið

wiþ

preposition

(Dat, Acc, Gen) 1. 1) against, in the way of; 2) opposite to, over against; 2. near, by; beside; 3. towards, to; in the direction of; 4. for, in return for, in exchange for (also wið)

hine

hé

personal pronoun

he (héo, hío fem she; hit, hyt neut it; hý, hí, híe, héo pl they)

sprecende

sprecan

verb

(p spræc, spæc; p.p. sprecen, specen) to speak, say; to utter (also specan)

wæs

wesan

verb

to be, exist (also weosan)

: ‘Hwæðre

hwæðre

adverb

however; yet, nevertheless

þu

þú

personal pronoun

thou (also ðú)

meaht¹

maȝan

verb

(p meahte, mæhte, mihte, mehte) 1. to be able; 2. to be strong; to avail, to be efficacious or sufficient

sinȝan

verb

1. to sing; 2. transf to sound, ring, clank

.’
Þa¹

þá²

adverb, conjunction

cwæð

cweþan

verb

to say, speak (also cweðan)

hé

personal pronoun

he (héo, hío fem she; hit, hyt neut it; hý, hí, híe, héo pl they)

: 'Hwæt

hwæt

interrogative pronoun

what

sceal

sculan

verb

(pres sceal, scal; p scolde, sceolde) 1) shall, ought; to be obliged; 2) to owe

personal pronoun

I (pers pron, 1-st pers, sing)

sinȝan

verb

1. to sing; 2. transf to sound, ring, clank

?'
Cwæð

cweþan

verb

to say, speak (also cweðan)

hé

personal pronoun

he (héo, hío fem she; hit, hyt neut it; hý, hí, híe, héo pl they)

: ‘Sinȝ

sinȝan

verb

1. to sing; 2. transf to sound, ring, clank

personal pronoun

I (pers pron, 1-st pers, sing)

frum-sceaft

frumsceaft

noun

1. the first creation, the creation; 2. origin, beginning; 3. creature, a created being

.'
þa¹

þá²

adverb, conjunction

hé

personal pronoun

he (héo, hío fem she; hit, hyt neut it; hý, hí, híe, héo pl they)

ða¹

þá²

adverb, conjunction

þas

þes

demonstrative pronoun

(þéos fem; þis neut; þás pl of all three genders) this (also ðes, þés, ðés)

andsware

andswaru

noun

answer, reply (also andsweru, andsware, ondswaru)

onfenȝ

onfón

verb

1. to take, receive; 2. to obtain; 3. to begin

, þa¹

þá²

adverb, conjunction

onȝon

onȝinnan

verb

1. to begin, to set about; 2. to try / attempt, dare (to do something) (also onȝynnan, anȝinnan, -ȝynnan)

hé

personal pronoun

he (héo, hío fem she; hit, hyt neut it; hý, hí, híe, héo pl they)

sona

sóna

adverb

soon, in a short time; immediately, at once

sinȝan

verb

1. to sing; 2. transf to sound, ring, clank

preposition

(Dat, Acc) 1. in a spatial sense: in, into; among; 2. in a temporal sense: in, at, about; during

herenesse

hereness

noun

praise, glorification (also herenes, -nis)

ȝodes

ȝod

noun

god; deity

scyppendes

scyppend

noun

Creator, God (also scippend, scieppend, scepen)

þa

demonstrative pronoun

(séo fem; þæt neut; þá pl of all three genders) the, that (also sé)

fers

1. verse, poem; 2. gramm sentence; periodos is clýsinȝ, oððe ȝe-endunȝ ðæs ferses period / full stop is closing, or ending of the sentence

ond

and

conjunction

and (also ond)

þa

demonstrative pronoun

(séo fem; þæt neut; þá pl of all three genders) the, that (also sé)

word

noun

1. word; 2. gramm verb (also wurd)

þe

particle, relative pronoun, conjunction

hé

personal pronoun

he (héo, hío fem she; hit, hyt neut it; hý, hí, híe, héo pl they)

næfre

nǽfre

adverb

never (also néfre)

ȝehyrde

ȝehíeran

verb

1. to hear; to listen; 2. to obey; to heed (also ȝehýran, ȝehéran)

, þara

demonstrative pronoun

(séo fem; þæt neut; þá pl of all three genders) the, that (also sé)

ende-byrdnes

endebyrdness

noun

1. order, succession; 2. method, way, manner; rule (also endebyrdniss)

þis

þes

demonstrative pronoun

(þéos fem; þis neut; þás pl of all three genders) this (also ðes, þés, ðés)

béon

verb

1. to be; to exist; 2. to become

:

Nu

nú

adverb

now, at the present time

sculon

sculan

verb

(pres sceal, scal; p scolde, sceolde) 1) shall, ought; to be obliged; 2) to owe

heriȝean

herȝan

verb

to praise, glorify (also herȝian, heriȝean, herian)

heofon-rices

heofonríce

noun

kingdom of heaven, heaven

weard

noun

1. watchman, guard; 2. guardian, protector (also uard)

,
meotodes

metod

noun

poet 1. God, the Creator; 2. fate, destiny; death (also metud, meotod)

meahte

meaht

noun

1. might, power; 2. authority (also maect, mæht, meht, miht, myht)

ond

and

conjunction

and (also ond)

his

hé

personal pronoun

he (héo, hío fem she; hit, hyt neut it; hý, hí, híe, héo pl they)

mod-ȝeþanc

módȝeþanc

noun

mind; idea, thought; conception, design

,
weorc

weorc

noun

work

wuldor-fæder

wuldorfæder

noun

poet “father of glory”, glorious father, Heavenly Father, God

,
swa

swá

adverb, conjunction

1) so, in this / that way; 2) as; swá … swá as ... more; swá-swá so as; just as; so that (also swé, swǽ)

hé

personal pronoun

he (héo, hío fem she; hit, hyt neut it; hý, hí, híe, héo pl they)

wundra

wundor

noun

wonder, miracle

ȝehwæs

ȝehwá

adjective, pronoun

each, every

,
ece

éce

adjective

eternal, perpetual, everlasting (also éci, ǽce)

drihten

noun

1. ruler, lord; king; 2. the Lord, God (also dryhten)

,
or

ór

noun

beginning, origin

onstealde

onstellan

verb

(p onstealde, ástelidæ) to institute, establish; to begin, to originate; to create (also ástellan)

.

He

hé

personal pronoun

he (héo, hío fem she; hit, hyt neut it; hý, hí, híe, héo pl they)

ærest

ǽrest

adverb

(superl) 1. first, at first; previously, earlier; 2. first of all; 3. gram mean of an a first

sceop

scippan

verb

1. to create; to make, produce, develop; 2. to shape, form (also scieppan, scyppan)

,
eorðan

eorþe

noun

1. earth; ground, soil; 2. the Earth (planet) (also eorðe)

bearnum

bearn

noun

1. child; 2. offspring, issue; descendant; 3. son (also barn)

heofon

noun

heaven, sky (also heofun, hefon, heben)

tó

preposition

(Dat) to, at

hrofe

hróf

noun

roof

,
haliȝ

háliȝ

adjective

holy, sacred (also háleȝ)

scyppend

noun

Creator, God (also scippend, scieppend, scepen)

;
þa¹

þá²

adverb, conjunction

middan-ȝeard

middanȝeard

noun

the earth, world; “the middle dwelling”

mon-cynnes

manncynn

noun

mankind, the human race, men (also moncynn)

weard

noun

1. watchman, guard; 2. guardian, protector (also uard)

,
ece

éce

adjective

eternal, perpetual, everlasting (also éci, ǽce)

drihten

noun

1. ruler, lord; king; 2. the Lord, God (also dryhten)

,
æfter

æfter

preposition

(Dat, Acc) after, afterwards; then

teode

téon²

verb

(p téode, also tiadæ ) 1. to make, create; to bring about; 2. to furnish / provide with

firum

firas

plural noun

1. 1) human beings, men; 2) living beings; 2. mankind

foldan

folde

noun

1. Earth, world; dry land; 2. ground, soil; clay; 3. country; region; territory

,
frea

fréa

noun

1. lord, ruler; master; 2. the Lord, God

ælmihtiȝ

adjective

almighty, omnipotent; powerful

.

Þa¹

þá²

adverb, conjunction

aras

árísan

verb

1. to stand up, get up; to rise; 2. to rise, appear above the horizon (of the sun, moon, etc); 3. to rise from the dead, resurrect; 4. to originate, come into existence

hé

personal pronoun

he (héo, hío fem she; hit, hyt neut it; hý, hí, híe, héo pl they)

from

fram

preposition, adverb

(Dat) from; forth; out (also from)

þæm

demonstrative pronoun

(séo fem; þæt neut; þá pl of all three genders) the, that (also sé)

slæpe

slǽp

noun

sleep (also slép, sláp)

ond

and

conjunction

and (also ond)

eal

eall

adjective, adverb

1. all, entire, whole; 2. everything; 3. entirely, wholly, fully (also eal, al, all)

þa

demonstrative pronoun

(séo fem; þæt neut; þá pl of all three genders) the, that (also sé)

þe

particle, relative pronoun, conjunction

hé

personal pronoun

he (héo, hío fem she; hit, hyt neut it; hý, hí, híe, héo pl they)

slæpende

slǽpan

verb

(p slép sing; slépon pl; p.p. (ȝe)slǽpen; also wk forms: slǽpte, slépte; slǽpton etc) to sleep (also slépan, slápan)

sonȝ¹

sinȝan

verb

1. to sing; 2. transf to sound, ring, clank

fæste

adverb

1. firmly, securely; 2. quickly

preposition

(Dat, Acc) 1. in a spatial sense: in, into; among; 2. in a temporal sense: in, at, about; during

ȝemynde

ȝemynd

noun

1. mind; thought, idea; 2. memory; 3. remembrance, commemoration; 4. memorial, monument

hæfde

habban

verb

(p hæfde; p.p. hæfed) to have; to possess, keep

ond

and

conjunction

and (also ond)

þæm

demonstrative pronoun

(séo fem; þæt neut; þá pl of all three genders) the, that (also sé)

wordum

word

noun

1. word; 2. gramm verb (also wurd)

sona

sóna

adverb

soon, in a short time; immediately, at once

moniȝ

maniȝ

adjective

many, numerous, multiple (also moniȝ, mæniȝ)

word

noun

1. word; 2. gramm verb (also wurd)

preposition

(Dat, Acc) 1. in a spatial sense: in, into; among; 2. in a temporal sense: in, at, about; during

þæt

þæt¹

demonstrative pronoun

that (also ðæt) [vid se]

ilce

ilca

adjective, pronoun

wk (ilce fem, neut) the same (also ylca)

ȝemet

noun

1. measure; 2. metre, measure; rhythm (of a poem, music, etc); 3. moderation, moderateness; reasonableness; 4. distance, space, interval; 5. rule, norm, law

ȝode

ȝod

noun

god; deity

wyrðes

weorþ

adjective

1. worth, valued; dear, pricey; 2. worthy, honoured; noble; 3. beffiting, fit, suitable (to) (also weorð, wyrþ, werð, wierþe, worð, wurþ)

sonȝes

sanȝ

noun

1. song; singing; 2. poem, verse; ode (also sonȝ)

tó

preposition

(Dat) to, at

ȝeþeodde

ȝeþéodan

verb

1. to join, associate, connect; to unite; 2. to translate (also ȝeþídan, ȝeþíedan, ȝeþýdan)

.
Þa¹

þá²

adverb, conjunction

com

cuman

verb

1. to come; 2. to happen

hé

personal pronoun

he (héo, hío fem she; hit, hyt neut it; hý, hí, híe, héo pl they)

adverb, preposition

(Dat, Instr, Acc) 1. on, with, in; 2. in a temporal sense: on, at, in; within, during; on morȝenne in the morning; 3. by, with; with regard / respect to, in relation to

morȝenne

morȝen

noun

1. morning; 2. the morning of the next day, morrow

tó

preposition

(Dat) to, at

þæm

demonstrative pronoun

(séo fem; þæt neut; þá pl of all three genders) the, that (also sé)

tun-ȝerefan

túnȝeréfa

noun

a reeve, bailiff

demonstrative pronoun

(séo fem; þæt neut; þá pl of all three genders) the, that (also sé)

þe

particle, relative pronoun, conjunction

his

hé

personal pronoun

he (héo, hío fem she; hit, hyt neut it; hý, hí, híe, héo pl they)

ealdormon

ealdorman

noun

alderman, prince, ruler; nobleman (also ealdormon, aldormann, -monn, ealdurmann, -monn)

wæs

wesan

verb

to be, exist (also weosan)

; sæȝde

secȝan

verb

to say (also secȝean, sæcȝan, secȝȝan)

him

hé

personal pronoun

he (héo, hío fem she; hit, hyt neut it; hý, hí, híe, héo pl they)

, hwylce

hwilc

adjective, pronoun

which, what (also hwylc, hwelc)

ȝife

ȝifu

noun

1. gift; 2. grace, favour (also ȝyfu, ȝiefu, ȝiofu)

hé

personal pronoun

he (héo, hío fem she; hit, hyt neut it; hý, hí, híe, héo pl they)

onfenȝ

onfón

verb

1. to take, receive; 2. to obtain; 3. to begin

; ond

and

conjunction

and (also ond)

hé

personal pronoun

he (héo, hío fem she; hit, hyt neut it; hý, hí, híe, héo pl they)

hine

hé

personal pronoun

he (héo, hío fem she; hit, hyt neut it; hý, hí, híe, héo pl they)

sona

sóna

adverb

soon, in a short time; immediately, at once

tó

preposition

(Dat) to, at

þære

demonstrative pronoun

(séo fem; þæt neut; þá pl of all three genders) the, that (also sé)

abbudissan

abbudisse

noun

abbess (also abbadisse, abbadysse)

ȝelædde

ȝelǽdan

verb

1. to carry, bear; bring; 2. to lead, guide, conduct; 3. to lead, carry out, follow (activity, business, way of life, etc)

ond

and

conjunction

and (also ond)

hire

hé

personal pronoun

he (héo, hío fem she; hit, hyt neut it; hý, hí, híe, héo pl they)

þæt

þæt¹

demonstrative pronoun

that (also ðæt) [vid se]

cyðde

cýþan

verb

1. to announce, declare, proclaim; 2. to notify; to tell, relate; 3. to prove, confirm (also cýðan) /cf. ȝecýþan /

ond

and

conjunction

and (also ond)

sæȝde

secȝan

verb

to say (also secȝean, sæcȝan, secȝȝan)

. Þa¹

þá²

adverb, conjunction

heht

hátan

verb

(p héht, hét, p.p. háten) 1. to call, name; to give a name to; 2. to be called / named; 3. to order, command; 4. to promise

heo

hé

personal pronoun

he (héo, hío fem she; hit, hyt neut it; hý, hí, híe, héo pl they)

ȝesomnian

ȝesamnian

verb

1. to gather, collect; to assemble; 2. to unite, join (also ȝesomnian)

ealle

eall

adjective, adverb

1. all, entire, whole; 2. everything; 3. entirely, wholly, fully (also eal, al, all)

þa

demonstrative pronoun

(séo fem; þæt neut; þá pl of all three genders) the, that (also sé)

ȝelæredestan

ȝelǽred

adjective

learned, erudite

men

mann

noun

1. a human being; 2. man (also man, monn, mon)

ond

and

conjunction

and (also ond)

þa

demonstrative pronoun

(séo fem; þæt neut; þá pl of all three genders) the, that (also sé)

leorneras

leornere

noun

1. scholar, a learned man; 2. learner, disciple

,
ond

and

conjunction

and (also ond)

him

hé

personal pronoun

he (héo, hío fem she; hit, hyt neut it; hý, hí, híe, héo pl they)

ondweardum

andweard

adjective

სადმე დამსწრე, მყოფი; არსებული, რეალური (also ondweard)

het

hátan

verb

(p héht, hét, p.p. háten) 1. to call, name; to give a name to; 2. to be called / named; 3. to order, command; 4. to promise

secȝan

verb

to say (also secȝean, sæcȝan, secȝȝan)

þæt

þæt¹

demonstrative pronoun

that (also ðæt) [vid se]

swefn

swefen

noun

1. sleep; 2. dream (also swefn)

ond

and

conjunction

and (also ond)

þæt

þæt¹

demonstrative pronoun

that (also ðæt) [vid se]

leoð

léoþ

noun

1. song; 2. poem, verse (also léoð)

sinȝan

verb

1. to sing; 2. transf to sound, ring, clank

,
þæt(te)

þætte

conjunction, relative pronoun

pron so that, in order that; that, which (also ðætte, þæte)

ealra

eall

adjective, adverb

1. all, entire, whole; 2. everything; 3. entirely, wholly, fully (also eal, al, all)

heora

hé

personal pronoun

he (héo, hío fem she; hit, hyt neut it; hý, hí, híe, héo pl they)

dome

dóm

noun

1. judgement; opinion; 2. command, order; decree; 3. judicial sentence; court ruling; 4. authority, supremacy; 5. magnificence; glory, honour; 6. will, free will; option

ȝecoren

p.p. of ȝecéosan

wære

wesan

verb

to be, exist (also weosan)

, hwæt

hwæt

interrogative pronoun

what

oððe

oþþe

conjunction

or (also oððe, oðða, eðða); oþþe … oþþe either ... or

hwonan

hwanon

adverb, conjunction

whence, wherefrom, from where (also hwonan, hwonon)

þæt

þæt¹

demonstrative pronoun

that (also ðæt) [vid se]

cumen

p.p. of cuman

wære

wesan

verb

to be, exist (also weosan)

. Þa¹

þá²

adverb, conjunction

wæs

wesan

verb

to be, exist (also weosan)

him

hé

personal pronoun

he (héo, hío fem she; hit, hyt neut it; hý, hí, híe, héo pl they)

eallum

eall

adjective, adverb

1. all, entire, whole; 2. everything; 3. entirely, wholly, fully (also eal, al, all)

ȝeseȝen

p.p. of ȝeséon

, swa-swa

swá

adverb, conjunction

1) so, in this / that way; 2) as; swá … swá as ... more; swá-swá so as; just as; so that (also swé, swǽ)

hit

hé

personal pronoun

he (héo, hío fem she; hit, hyt neut it; hý, hí, híe, héo pl they)

wæs

wesan

verb

to be, exist (also weosan)

, þæt¹

þæt²

conjunction, relative pronoun

1. that; 2. so that, in order that; 3. that, which (also ðæt)

him

hé

personal pronoun

he (héo, hío fem she; hit, hyt neut it; hý, hí, híe, héo pl they)

wære

wesan

verb

to be, exist (also weosan)

from

fram

preposition, adverb

(Dat) from; forth; out (also from)

drihtne

drihten

noun

1. ruler, lord; king; 2. the Lord, God (also dryhten)

sylfum

self

adjective, pronoun

self (also sylf, seolf, silf)

heofonlic

heofonlíc

adjective

1. heavenly; 2. divine, sacred

ȝifu

noun

1. gift; 2. grace, favour (also ȝyfu, ȝiefu, ȝiofu)

forȝifen

p.p. of forȝiefan

.

Þa¹

þá²

adverb, conjunction

rehton

reccan

verb

(p reahte, also rehte) 1. to tell, narrate; to explain, interpret; 2. to give, to offer; 3. to extend, to stretch

heo

hé

personal pronoun

he (héo, hío fem she; hit, hyt neut it; hý, hí, híe, héo pl they)

him

hé

personal pronoun

he (héo, hío fem she; hit, hyt neut it; hý, hí, híe, héo pl they)

ond

and

conjunction

and (also ond)

sæȝdon

secȝan

verb

to say (also secȝean, sæcȝan, secȝȝan)

sum

indefinite pronoun, adjective

1. some; 2. with cardinal numer.-s: one (of a company containing the specified number); syxa [seofona] sum he and six [seven] other men / persons

haliȝ

háliȝ

adjective

holy, sacred (also háleȝ)

spell

noun

1. narrative, story, history; fable; 2. speech, discourse (also spel)

ond

and

conjunction

and (also ond)

ȝodcundre

ȝodcund

adjective

1. divine; 2. sacred; spiritual

lare

lár

noun

1. lore, teaching, doctrine; 2. instruction, advice

word

noun

1. word; 2. gramm verb (also wurd)

; bebudon

bebéodan

verb

1. to command, order, bid; to demand (to do something); 2. to commend, commit; to give up; 3. to offer (a sacrifice, prayer etc); to sacrifice (to); 4. to announce, declare (also bibéodan)

him

hé

personal pronoun

he (héo, hío fem she; hit, hyt neut it; hý, hí, híe, héo pl they)

þa¹

þá²

adverb, conjunction

, ȝif

ȝif

conjunction

if (also ȝyf, ȝief, ȝef)

hé

personal pronoun

he (héo, hío fem she; hit, hyt neut it; hý, hí, híe, héo pl they)

meahte¹

maȝan

verb

(p meahte, mæhte, mihte, mehte) 1. to be able; 2. to be strong; to avail, to be efficacious or sufficient

, þæt¹

þæt²

conjunction, relative pronoun

1. that; 2. so that, in order that; 3. that, which (also ðæt)

hé

personal pronoun

he (héo, hío fem she; hit, hyt neut it; hý, hí, híe, héo pl they)

preposition

(Dat, Acc) 1. in a spatial sense: in, into; among; 2. in a temporal sense: in, at, about; during

swinsunȝe

swinsunȝ

noun

1. melody, harmony, music; 2. sound; noise

leoþ-sonȝes

léoþsanȝ

noun

song; poem, ode (also léoþsonȝ)

þæt

þæt¹

demonstrative pronoun

that (also ðæt) [vid se]

ȝehwyrfde

ȝehwierfan

verb

1. to change; to remake, remodel; 2. to return; 3. to move, take; to transfer, transport (also ȝehwærfan, -hwerfan, -hwirfan, -hwyrfan)

. Ða¹

þá²

adverb, conjunction

hé

personal pronoun

he (héo, hío fem she; hit, hyt neut it; hý, hí, híe, héo pl they)

ða¹

þá²

adverb, conjunction

hæfde

habban

verb

(p hæfde; p.p. hæfed) to have; to possess, keep

þa

demonstrative pronoun

(séo fem; þæt neut; þá pl of all three genders) the, that (also sé)

wisan

wíse

noun

1. way, fashion, manner; wise; on þas wísan in this way; in this manner; on oðre wísan in another manner; otherwise, differently; 2. affair, matter; circumstance, event; 3. instruction, direction

onfonȝne

onfonȝen

p.p. of onfón

,
þa¹

þá²

adverb, conjunction

eode

ȝán

verb

(p éode; p.p. ȝán) 1. to go, walk; 2. to go away, depart; 3. to move, proceed; 4. to happen; to take place

hé

personal pronoun

he (héo, hío fem she; hit, hyt neut it; hý, hí, híe, héo pl they)

ham

hám

noun

1. home, dwelling, house; 2. homeland, native country; 3. village; settlement; town; 4. property, estate; farm; hám ȝán to go home

tó

preposition

(Dat) to, at

his

hé

personal pronoun

he (héo, hío fem she; hit, hyt neut it; hý, hí, híe, héo pl they)

huse

hús

noun

1. house, building; 2. household, family

; ond

and

conjunction

and (also ond)

cwom

cuman

verb

1. to come; 2. to happen

eft

adverb

1. again, anew; a second time; 2. afterwards, then

adverb, preposition

(Dat, Instr, Acc) 1. on, with, in; 2. in a temporal sense: on, at, in; within, during; on morȝenne in the morning; 3. by, with; with regard / respect to, in relation to

morȝenne

morȝen

noun

1. morning; 2. the morning of the next day, morrow

ond

and

conjunction

and (also ond)

þy

demonstrative pronoun

(séo fem; þæt neut; þá pl of all three genders) the, that (also sé)

betstan

ȝód¹

adjective

(compar betera, betra; superl betost, betest, betst) 1. good; 2. suitable, proper, excellent, etc; favourable, desirable

leoðe

léoþ

noun

1. song; 2. poem, verse (also léoð)

ȝeȝlenȝed

p.p. of ȝeȝlænȝan

him

hé

personal pronoun

he (héo, hío fem she; hit, hyt neut it; hý, hí, híe, héo pl they)

asonȝ

ásinȝan

verb

to sing; to sing out

ond

and

conjunction

and (also ond)

aȝeaf

áȝiefan

verb

1. to give; 2. to leave; 3. to give up, yield; 4. to return; to repay, pay (also áȝyfan, áȝifan, áȝeofan)

þæt¹

þæt²

conjunction, relative pronoun

1. that; 2. so that, in order that; 3. that, which (also ðæt)

him

hé

personal pronoun

he (héo, hío fem she; hit, hyt neut it; hý, hí, híe, héo pl they)

beboden

p.p. of bebéodan

wæs

wesan

verb

to be, exist (also weosan)

nú

adverb

now, at the present time

scylun

sculan

verb

(pres sceal, scal; p scolde, sceolde) 1) shall, ought; to be obliged; 2) to owe

herȝan

verb

to praise, glorify (also herȝian, heriȝean, herian)

hefaen-ricaes

heofonríce

noun

kingdom of heaven, heaven

uard

weard

noun

1. watchman, guard; 2. guardian, protector (also uard)

,
metudæs

metod

noun

poet 1. God, the Creator; 2. fate, destiny; death (also metud, meotod)

maecti

meaht

noun

1. might, power; 2. authority (also maect, mæht, meht, miht, myht)

end

and

conjunction

and (also ond)

his

hé

personal pronoun

he (héo, hío fem she; hit, hyt neut it; hý, hí, híe, héo pl they)

mod-ȝidanc

módȝeþanc

noun

mind; idea, thought; conception, design

,
uerc

weorc

noun

work

uuldur-fadur

wuldorfæder

noun

poet “father of glory”, glorious father, Heavenly Father, God

,
sue

swá

adverb, conjunction

1) so, in this / that way; 2) as; swá … swá as ... more; swá-swá so as; just as; so that (also swé, swǽ)

hé

personal pronoun

he (héo, hío fem she; hit, hyt neut it; hý, hí, híe, héo pl they)

uundra

wundor

noun

wonder, miracle

ȝihuaes

ȝehwá

adjective, pronoun

each, every

,
eci

éce

adjective

eternal, perpetual, everlasting (also éci, ǽce)

dryctin

drihten

noun

1. ruler, lord; king; 2. the Lord, God (also dryhten)

,
or

ór

noun

beginning, origin

astelidæ

onstellan

verb

(p onstealde, ástelidæ) to institute, establish; to begin, to originate; to create (also ástellan)

.

He

hé

personal pronoun

he (héo, hío fem she; hit, hyt neut it; hý, hí, híe, héo pl they)

aerist

ǽrest

adverb

(superl) 1. first, at first; previously, earlier; 2. first of all; 3. gram mean of an a first

scop

scippan

verb

1. to create; to make, produce, develop; 2. to shape, form (also scieppan, scyppan)

aelda

ielde

plural noun

men, people; mankind (also aelde, ylde, ilde)

barnum

bearn

noun

1. child; 2. offspring, issue; descendant; 3. son (also barn)

heben

heofon

noun

heaven, sky (also heofun, hefon, heben)

til

preposition

(Dat) (used almost exclusively in Northumbrian dialect) to; heben til hrofe (God created for the sons of men) heaven as a roof (from Cædmon's Hymn)

hrofe

hróf

noun

roof

,
haleȝ

háliȝ

adjective

holy, sacred (also háleȝ)

scepen

scyppend

noun

Creator, God (also scippend, scieppend, scepen)