An Excerpt From Old English Chronicles

1. here; 2. now, at this time

1. to come; 2. to happen

(séo fem; þæt neut; þá pl of all three genders) the, that (also sé)

army, host, troop; band

(Dat) to, at

Reading (a town in Berkshire, England)

(Dat, Instr, Acc) 1. on, with, in; 2. in a temporal sense: on, at, in; within, during; on morȝenne in the morning; 3. by, with; with regard / respect to, in relation to

1. the West Saxons (the Saxons inhabiting the south-west of the island of Great Britain); 2. Wessex (an Anglo-Saxon kingdom and historic region in the south-west of the island of Great Britain) (also Westseaxan)

and (also ond)

(séo fem; þæt neut; þá pl of all three genders) the, that (also sé)

(Dat, Acc) 1. in a spatial sense: around, about; near; 2. 1) about, concerning, regarding; ymb þinne sið about your journey / arrival; 2) because of, on account of; 3. in a temporal sense: 1) at, about, during; ymb niht at night; ymbe underntíde at three o'clock; 2) after; ðæs ymb lítel soon after [cf also 3)]; ymbe twelf monð after twelve months; ymb féower wintra four years after; 3) before; ðæs ymb lítel or ðæs ymb litel fæc shortly before that; a short while ago [cf also 2)]; ðæs ymb án ȝéar a year earlier; a year ago (also ymbe, umbe, embe)

(þréo fem, neut) three (also þrý, þríe, ðrý etc)

night (also næht, neaht, neht, nyht); nihtes at night, by night

1. to ride on horseback; 2. to move; to travel; rídan on ancre to ride at anchor, to lie at anchor (of a vessel)

(twá fem; tú, twá neut) two, twain

1. earl, prince, ruler; 2. chief, leader; 3. poet hero, brave man, warrior

up, upwards (also upp)

1. then; at that time; thereafter; 2. when (also ðá); þá þe (then) when [vid also þá¹]; þá … þá then, … when; when; þa ȝyt, þa ȝiet a) (even) more; still; b) besides (that); moreover, furhtermore

1. to meet, encounter; 2. to come across / upon, to meet with; to find (out), discover; 3. to fight; to confront an enemy; to meet in battle, to engage; 4. to experience, endure

he (héo, hío fem she; hit, hyt neut it; hý, hí, híe, héo pl they)

1) Aethelwulf (an alderman / crown official in 825-871); 2) Aethelwulf (the name of various other historical personalities) (also Æðelwulf)

alderman, prince, ruler; nobleman (also ealdormon, aldormann, -monn, ealdurmann, -monn)

(Dat, Instr, Acc) 1. on, with, in; 2. in a temporal sense: on, at, in; within, during; on morȝenne in the morning; 3. by, with; with regard / respect to, in relation to

Englefield (a village in Berkshire, UK; the place of the historic battle fought between the kingdom of Wessex and the army of Danes)

and (also ond)

he (héo, hío fem she; hit, hyt neut it; hý, hí, híe, héo pl they)

there; where, whither (also ðǽr, þár, ðár, þára, þér)

(Dat, Acc, Gen) 1. 1) against, in the way of; 2) opposite to, over against; 2. near, by; beside; 3. towards, to; in the direction of; 4. for, in return for, in exchange for (also wið)

to fight, go into battle (with) (also ȝefehtan)

and (also ond)

victory, triumph (also syȝe); siȝe ȝesléan, siȝe niman to gain / obtain the victory; to win, to triumph

1. to take, to take hold of; 2. to receive, get; to seize; 3. to take away, carry off (also neoman, nioman, nyman); friþ niman to make peace, to conclude truce; siȝe niman to win / obtain victory

(séo fem; þæt neut; þá pl of all three genders) the, that (also sé)

(Dat, Acc) 1. in a spatial sense: around, about; near; 2. 1) about, concerning, regarding; ymb þinne sið about your journey / arrival; 2) because of, on account of; 3. in a temporal sense: 1) at, about, during; ymb niht at night; ymbe underntíde at three o'clock; 2) after; ðæs ymb lítel soon after [cf also 3)]; ymbe twelf monð after twelve months; ymb féower wintra four years after; 3) before; ðæs ymb lítel or ðæs ymb litel fæc shortly before that; a short while ago [cf also 2)]; ðæs ymb án ȝéar a year earlier; a year ago (also ymbe, umbe, embe)

four

night (also næht, neaht, neht, nyht); nihtes at night, by night

Aethelred (king of Wessex, 847-871; reign - 865-871) (also Æþeréd, Æðelrǽd, Æþerǽd, Æðelrǽd)

1. king; 2. Lord, God; Jesus Christ (also cinynȝ, cynenȝ, cyniȝ, cynȝ)

and (also ond)

1) Alfred (king of Wessex, 849-899; reign – 871-899);
2) Alfred (the name of various other historical personalities) (also Ælfrǽd)

he (héo, hío fem she; hit, hyt neut it; hý, hí, híe, héo pl they)

brother (also bróþer, bróðor, bróðer)

there; where, whither (also ðǽr, þár, ðár, þára, þér)

(compar mára; superl mǽst, mást) 1. great, big; 2. much, many (also mycel)

1. army; 2. military campaign, expedition (also fyrd, ferd, feord, færd)

(Dat) to, at

Reading (a town in Berkshire, England)

1. to carry, bear; bring; 2. to lead, guide, conduct; 3. to lead, carry out, follow (activity, business, way of life, etc)

and (also ond)

(Dat, Acc, Gen) 1. 1) against, in the way of; 2) opposite to, over against; 2. near, by; beside; 3. towards, to; in the direction of; 4. for, in return for, in exchange for (also wið)

(séo fem; þæt neut; þá pl of all three genders) the, that (also sé)

army, host, troop; band

to fight, go into battle (with) (also ȝefehtan)

and (also ond)

there; where, whither (also ðǽr, þár, ðár, þára, þér)

to be, exist (also weosan)

(compar mára; superl mǽst, mást) 1. great, big; 2. much, many (also mycel)

1. collect the slain; dead bodies of the slain in battle; 2. a corpse / dead body, a slain person; 3. slaughter, carnage, bloodshed

p.p. of ȝesléan

(Dat, Instr, Acc) 1. on, with, in; 2. in a temporal sense: on, at, in; within, during; on morȝenne in the morning; 3. by, with; with regard / respect to, in relation to

both; either; each (also ȝehwæðer, ȝehweþer, ȝehweðer)

1. hand; 2. side; direction (also hond)

and (also ond)

1) Aethelwulf (an alderman / crown official in 825-871); 2) Aethelwulf (the name of various other historical personalities) (also Æðelwulf)

alderman, prince, ruler; nobleman (also ealdormon, aldormann, -monn, ealdurmann, -monn)

(p wearþ sing, wurdon pl; p.p. worden) 1. to happen, come to pass; to take place; 2. to become, turn into; to develop into; cuð weorþan to become known; ofslæȝen weorþan to be killed; to get killed (also weorðan, wurþan, wyrþan, wiorþan)

p.p. of ofsléan

and (also ond)

(séo fem; þæt neut; þá pl of all three genders) the, that (also sé)

1. Danish; 2. gram mean of a n a Dane; þa Deniscan Danes, the Danish

(pres áh, áȝ sing; áȝan, áȝon, áȝun, áȝen pl; p áhte sing, áhton pl) 1. to own, possess, have; 2. to owe, have to pay; to be obliged, have to do

“place of slaughter”, “place of the slain”, a battlefield; áȝan wælstówe ȝeweald to win victory, to obtain the possession of battlefield (after routing the enemy)

1. power, strength; might; 2. mastery, sway; domination, control (over somebody, something); ȝeweald áȝan, ȝeweald habban to have mastery / power (over somebody, something); to own, control (something) (also ȝewald)

(séo fem; þæt neut; þá pl of all three genders) the, that (also sé)

(Dat, Acc) 1. above, over; on, upon; 2. across, over; 3. in a temporal sense: after, beyond

(usu pl Éastron, Éastran) eccles Easter (also Éastro, Éastru)

1. to depart, go, fare; to arrive; 2. to happen (to); to become of; 3. to exist, get on, fare; 4. to experience, endure, suffer; 5. to obtain, acquire; 6. to die, depart this life

Aethelred (king of Wessex, 847-871; reign - 865-871) (also Æþeréd, Æðelrǽd, Æþerǽd, Æðelrǽd)

1. king; 2. Lord, God; Jesus Christ (also cinynȝ, cynenȝ, cyniȝ, cynȝ)

and (also ond)

he (héo, hío fem she; hit, hyt neut it; hý, hí, híe, héo pl they)

1. to rule, govern, reign; 2. transf to prevail, dominate (also ríxian)

five

1. year; 2. age (number of years one has lived); ȝéara Gen pl, gram mean of an adv formerly, in former times; of old; once (also ȝér, ȝǽr)

and (also ond)

he (héo, hío fem she; hit, hyt neut it; hý, hí, híe, héo pl they)

1. body; 2. dead body, corpse; 3. form, shape; figure

1. to lie, lie down; 2. to be laid to rest; to be buried; 3. to lie, be situated; to extend (said of a country, piece of land, etc)

(Dat) 1) at; near, by, with; next to; 2) on, upon

Wimborne (a historic town in Dorset, UK)

1. then; at that time; thereafter; 2. when (also ðá); þá þe (then) when [vid also þá¹]; þá … þá then, … when; when; þa ȝyt, þa ȝiet a) (even) more; still; b) besides (that); moreover, furhtermore

(pres ic fó, ðú féhst, he féhþ, pl fóþ; p ic, he fénȝ, ðú fénȝe, pl fénȝon; p.p. fanȝen, fonȝen) 1. to grasp, seize, catch; 2. to receive, obtain; 3. to begin, start; fón tó ríce to ascend the throne; to seize power

1) Alfred (king of Wessex, 849-899; reign – 871-899);
2) Alfred (the name of various other historical personalities) (also Ælfrǽd)

Aethelwulfing, a son or descendant of king Aethelwulf (chief referring to Alfred the Great, king of Wessex)

he (héo, hío fem she; hit, hyt neut it; hý, hí, híe, héo pl they)

brother (also bróþer, bróðor, bróðer)

(Dat) to, at

1. the West Saxons (the Saxons inhabiting the south-west of the island of Great Britain); 2. Wessex (an Anglo-Saxon kingdom and historic region in the south-west of the island of Great Britain) (also Westseaxan)

1. power, authority; reign; 2. kingdom; state

and (also ond)

(séo fem; þæt neut; þá pl of all three genders) the, that (also sé)

(Dat, Acc) 1. in a spatial sense: around, about; near; 2. 1) about, concerning, regarding; ymb þinne sið about your journey / arrival; 2) because of, on account of; 3. in a temporal sense: 1) at, about, during; ymb niht at night; ymbe underntíde at three o'clock; 2) after; ðæs ymb lítel soon after [cf also 3)]; ymbe twelf monð after twelve months; ymb féower wintra four years after; 3) before; ðæs ymb lítel or ðæs ymb litel fæc shortly before that; a short while ago [cf also 2)]; ðæs ymb án ȝéar a year earlier; a year ago (also ymbe, umbe, embe)

1. one; 2. gram mean of an adv only

month (also mónað, mónoþ, mónoð, móneð, mónð)

to fight, go into battle (with) (also ȝefehtan)

1) Alfred (king of Wessex, 849-899; reign – 871-899);
2) Alfred (the name of various other historical personalities) (also Ælfrǽd)

1. king; 2. Lord, God; Jesus Christ (also cinynȝ, cynenȝ, cyniȝ, cynȝ)

(Dat, Acc, Gen) 1. 1) against, in the way of; 2) opposite to, over against; 2. near, by; beside; 3. towards, to; in the direction of; 4. for, in return for, in exchange for (also wið)

1. all, entire, whole; 2. everything; 3. entirely, wholly, fully (also eal, al, all)

(séo fem; þæt neut; þá pl of all three genders) the, that (also sé)

army, host, troop; band

(compar lǽssa; superl lǽst, lǽsest) 1. little, small, not large; 2. little, few, not many or much; 3. gram mean of an adv little, slightly, to a small extent or degree; 4. gram mean of a n a little, a few (of); a small number or amount (of something) (also lítel)

army, troop; band (of warriors) (also weorod, weorud, wered, wærod, wyred)

(Dat) 1) at; near, by, with; next to; 2) on, upon

Wilton (a historic town in Wiltshire, UK)

and (also ond)

he (héo, hío fem she; hit, hyt neut it; hý, hí, híe, héo pl they)

(compar lenȝ, lenȝe; superl lenȝest) 1. long, (for) a long time; 2. long ago, long before; long after; 3. far, to a great distance (also lonȝe)

(Dat, Instr, Acc) 1. on, with, in; 2. in a temporal sense: on, at, in; within, during; on morȝenne in the morning; 3. by, with; with regard / respect to, in relation to

day

to put to flight, rout; to drive away, to cause to retreat (defeated troops) (also ȝeflǽman, ȝefléman, ȝeflíman, ȝeflýman)

and (also ond)

(séo fem; þæt neut; þá pl of all three genders) the, that (also sé)

1. Danish; 2. gram mean of a n a Dane; þa Deniscan Danes, the Danish

(pres áh, áȝ sing; áȝan, áȝon, áȝun, áȝen pl; p áhte sing, áhton pl) 1. to own, possess, have; 2. to owe, have to pay; to be obliged, have to do

“place of slaughter”, “place of the slain”, a battlefield; áȝan wælstówe ȝeweald to win victory, to obtain the possession of battlefield (after routing the enemy)

1. power, strength; might; 2. mastery, sway; domination, control (over somebody, something); ȝeweald áȝan, ȝeweald habban to have mastery / power (over somebody, something); to own, control (something) (also ȝewald)

and (also ond)

(séo fem; þæt neut; þá pl of all three genders) the, that (also sé)

1. year; 2. age (number of years one has lived); ȝéara Gen pl, gram mean of an adv formerly, in former times; of old; once (also ȝér, ȝǽr)

(p wearþ sing, wurdon pl; p.p. worden) 1. to happen, come to pass; to take place; 2. to become, turn into; to develop into; cuð weorþan to become known; ofslæȝen weorþan to be killed; to get killed (also weorðan, wurþan, wyrþan, wiorþan)

nine (also niȝan, niȝen, niȝun, nyȝon)

great battle, fierce combat; pitched battle

p.p. of ȝefeohtan

(Dat, Acc, Gen) 1. 1) against, in the way of; 2) opposite to, over against; 2. near, by; beside; 3. towards, to; in the direction of; 4. for, in return for, in exchange for (also wið)

(séo fem; þæt neut; þá pl of all three genders) the, that (also sé)

army, host, troop; band

(Dat, Instr, Acc) 1. on, with, in; 2. in a temporal sense: on, at, in; within, during; on morȝenne in the morning; 3. by, with; with regard / respect to, in relation to

(séo fem; þæt neut; þá pl of all three genders) the, that (also sé)

1. reign; royal rank, sovereignty; 2. kingdom, realm; country, state (also cynerýce, cynyríce)

(Dat, Instr) 1. by; near to; beside; at; on, upon; 2. around, round; about; 3. of, about; concerning, in reference to; 4. because of, for; by means of; according to, in conformity with (also bi, biȝ, bí)

1. from the south; 2. southwards, (to the) south; in the south (also súðan, súðen)

the river Thames (also Temes)

and (also ond)

(Dat) 1. but; if not; 2. without, except for; 3. outside, out; out of (also búton, bútun)

(séo fem; þæt neut; þá pl of all three genders) the, that (also sé)

1. who, which, what; 2. when, after that; 3. (there) where; 4. than; twǽm læs þe twéntiȝ wintra two less than twenty winters/years; 5. (in hwæþer ... þe) or; if; hwæþer hé wacode ðe slépte whether he was awake or asleep

he (héo, hío fem she; hit, hyt neut it; hý, hí, híe, héo pl they)

1) Alfred (king of Wessex, 849-899; reign – 871-899);
2) Alfred (the name of various other historical personalities) (also Ælfrǽd)

(séo fem; þæt neut; þá pl of all three genders) the, that (also sé)

1. king; 2. Lord, God; Jesus Christ (also cinynȝ, cynenȝ, cyniȝ, cynȝ)

brother (also bróþer, bróðor, bróðer)

and (also ond)

1. single, singular; private, individual; 2. lonely, solitary (also ánlíepiȝ, ǽnlépiȝ, ǽnlípiȝ, ánlépiȝ, ánlýpiȝ); ánlípiȝ aldormon every single alderman

alderman, prince, ruler; nobleman (also ealdormon, aldormann, -monn, ealdurmann, -monn)

and (also ond)

1. king; 2. Lord, God; Jesus Christ (also cinynȝ, cynenȝ, cyniȝ, cynȝ)

1. servant, retainer, vassal; 2. warrior, soldier, military attendant; 3. hero; glorious warrior; a noble man; 4. follower, adherent; disciple (also ðeȝn, þeȝen, þén)

often

1. 1) ride, riding; 2) journey; voyage; travelling; 2. road, trackway; 3. expedition (on horseback), raid

1. to ride on horseback; 2. to raid, to make a raid (against)

1. who, which, what; 2. when, after that; 3. (there) where; 4. than; twǽm læs þe twéntiȝ wintra two less than twenty winters/years; 5. (in hwæþer ... þe) or; if; hwæþer hé wacode ðe slépte whether he was awake or asleep

one, anyone, someone; they, people (also mon)

no, not (oft ná ne)

not, no; nor, neither; (also ni); ic ne dyde I did not do (that); ne secȝe ic éow I tell you, no

1. to count, number; to calculate; 2. to recount, describe

and (also ond)

(séo fem; þæt neut; þá pl of all three genders) the, that (also sé)

1. year; 2. age (number of years one has lived); ȝéara Gen pl, gram mean of an adv formerly, in former times; of old; once (also ȝér, ȝǽr)

to be, exist (also weosan)

p.p. of ofsléan

nine (also niȝan, niȝen, niȝun, nyȝon)

1. earl, prince, ruler; 2. chief, leader; 3. poet hero, brave man, warrior

and (also ond)

1. one; 2. gram mean of an adv only

1. king; 2. Lord, God; Jesus Christ (also cinynȝ, cynenȝ, cyniȝ, cynȝ)

and (also ond)

(séo fem; þæt neut; þá pl of all three genders) the, that (also sé)

1. year; 2. age (number of years one has lived); ȝéara Gen pl, gram mean of an adv formerly, in former times; of old; once (also ȝér, ȝǽr)

1. to take, to take hold of; 2. to receive, get; to seize; 3. to take away, carry off (also neoman, nioman, nyman); friþ niman to make peace, to conclude truce; siȝe niman to win / obtain victory

1. the West Saxons (the Saxons inhabiting the south-west of the island of Great Britain); 2. Wessex (an Anglo-Saxon kingdom and historic region in the south-west of the island of Great Britain) (also Westseaxan)

1. peace; truce; 2. quietness, tranquility; safety, security (also frið, fryþ, fryð, friðu, frioþu, frioðu, freoþu, freoðu, freþo, freðo)

(Dat, Acc, Gen) 1. 1) against, in the way of; 2) opposite to, over against; 2. near, by; beside; 3. towards, to; in the direction of; 4. for, in return for, in exchange for (also wið)

(séo fem; þæt neut; þá pl of all three genders) the, that (also sé)

army, host, troop; band