Written records

Dictionary

References

Ohthere’s Account

Translations: Modern English

Ohthere

proper name

Ohthere (an Anglo-Saxon rendering of the name of a Norwegian seafarer)

sæde

secȝan

verb

to say (also secȝean, sæcȝan, secȝȝan)

his

hé

personal pronoun

he (héo, hío fem she; hit, hyt neut it; hý, hí, híe, héo pl they)

hlaforde

hláford

noun

1. a lord, sovereign, ruler; 2. God, Lord; 3. male head of a household, master of servants (also hláfurd, hláfweard, hláfard, hláferd)

, Ælfrede

Ælfréd

proper name

1) Alfred (king of Wessex, 849-899; reign – 871-899);
2) Alfred (the name of various other historical personalities) (also Ælfrǽd)

cyninȝe

cyninȝ

noun

1. king; 2. Lord, God; Jesus Christ (also cinynȝ, cynenȝ, cyniȝ, cynȝ)

, þæt¹

þæt²

conjunction, relative pronoun

1. that; 2. so that, in order that; 3. that, which (also ðæt)

hé

personal pronoun

he (héo, hío fem she; hit, hyt neut it; hý, hí, híe, héo pl they)

ealra

eall

adjective, adverb

1. all, entire, whole; 2. everything; 3. entirely, wholly, fully (also eal, al, all)

Norðmonna

Norþmann

noun

a Norseman, Scandinavian (esp Norwegian or Dane) (also Norþmonn, Norðmann, -monn)

norþmest

norþmæst

adverb

1. northernmost, farthest north; 2. gram mean of an a northernmost, northmost, most northerly (also norþmest, norðmæst, norðmest)

bude

búan

verb

(p búde, p.p. (ȝe)bún, (ȝe)búd) 1. to live, dwell; to inhabit; 2. to own, till, cultivate (land); 3. to be, stay (somewhere); to occupy (a place, site, etc)

. He

hé

personal pronoun

he (héo, hío fem she; hit, hyt neut it; hý, hí, híe, héo pl they)

cwæð

cweþan

verb

to say, speak (also cweðan)

þæt¹

þæt²

conjunction, relative pronoun

1. that; 2. so that, in order that; 3. that, which (also ðæt)

hé

personal pronoun

he (héo, hío fem she; hit, hyt neut it; hý, hí, híe, héo pl they)

bude

búan

verb

(p búde, p.p. (ȝe)bún, (ȝe)búd) 1. to live, dwell; to inhabit; 2. to own, till, cultivate (land); 3. to be, stay (somewhere); to occupy (a place, site, etc)

adverb, preposition

(Dat, Instr, Acc) 1. on, with, in; 2. in a temporal sense: on, at, in; within, during; on morȝenne in the morning; 3. by, with; with regard / respect to, in relation to

þæm

demonstrative pronoun

(séo fem; þæt neut; þá pl of all three genders) the, that (also sé)

lande

land

noun

1. land (as opposed to sea, water or air); 2. a land, country; region, district, province (also lond)

norþweardum

norþweard

adjective

1. north, northward; 2. gram mean of an adv northward(s), towards the north (also norðweard, norþeweard, norðeweard, norðward)

wiþ

preposition

(Dat, Acc, Gen) 1. 1) against, in the way of; 2) opposite to, over against; 2. near, by; beside; 3. towards, to; in the direction of; 4. for, in return for, in exchange for (also wið)

þa

demonstrative pronoun

(séo fem; þæt neut; þá pl of all three genders) the, that (also sé)

Westsæ

westsǽ

noun

western sea; Atlantic Ocean

. He

hé

personal pronoun

he (héo, hío fem she; hit, hyt neut it; hý, hí, híe, héo pl they)

sæde

secȝan

verb

to say (also secȝean, sæcȝan, secȝȝan)

þeah

þéah

conjunction, adverb

though, although; however, nevertheless; yet, still (also ðéah, þéh, ðéh, þǽh, ðǽh, þáh, ðáh)

þæt¹

þæt²

conjunction, relative pronoun

1. that; 2. so that, in order that; 3. that, which (also ðæt)

þæt

þæt¹

demonstrative pronoun

that (also ðæt) [vid se]

land

noun

1. land (as opposed to sea, water or air); 2. a land, country; region, district, province (also lond)

sie

béon

verb

1. to be; to exist; 2. to become

swiþe

swíþe

adverb

(compar swíþor; superl swíþost) 1. very much, greatly; exceedingly; 2. superl (swíþost) mostly, chiefly; especially (also swíðe, swýþe, swýðe)

lanȝ

adjective

(compar lenȝra; superl lenȝest) 1. long (having great extent in space); 2. long, prolonged (having great duration in time); 3. tall (also lonȝ)
on a horizontal plane 2)

norþ

adverb

1. northwards; in the north, north; 2. gram mean of an a northern, relating to the north (also norð)

þonan

þanon

adverb

1. thence, from there, from that place; 2. from that time, after that, henceforth; whence (also ðanon, þonan, þonon, ðonon, þanone, ðanone)

; ac

conjunction

but; but also, moreover

hit

hé

personal pronoun

he (héo, hío fem she; hit, hyt neut it; hý, hí, híe, héo pl they)

béon

verb

1. to be; to exist; 2. to become

eal

eall

adjective, adverb

1. all, entire, whole; 2. everything; 3. entirely, wholly, fully (also eal, al, all)

weste

wéste

adjective

1. uninhabited; waste, deserted; 2. untilled, uncultivated (also wóeste, wóste)

, buton

bútan

conjunction, adverb, preposition

(Dat) 1. but; if not; 2. without, except for; 3. outside, out; out of (also búton, bútun)

adverb, preposition

(Dat, Instr, Acc) 1. on, with, in; 2. in a temporal sense: on, at, in; within, during; on morȝenne in the morning; 3. by, with; with regard / respect to, in relation to

feawum

féawa

adjective

(usu pl) few; a few, small number of (also féawe, féa)

stowum

stów

noun

place, site, locality

stycce-mælum

styccemǽlum

adverb

1. piece by piece, piecemeal; little by little, gradually; 2. here and there, in different places (also sticcemǽlum)

wiciað

wícian

verb

to live, lodge; to inhabit (a land, country, etc)

Finnas

plural noun

Finns (Finno-Ugric peoples generally)

, on

adverb, preposition

(Dat, Instr, Acc) 1. on, with, in; 2. in a temporal sense: on, at, in; within, during; on morȝenne in the morning; 3. by, with; with regard / respect to, in relation to

huntoðe

huntoþ

noun

1. hunting; 2. game, prey (also huntoð, -aþ, -að, huntnaþ, -að, -oþ, -að)

adverb, preposition

(Dat, Instr, Acc) 1. on, with, in; 2. in a temporal sense: on, at, in; within, during; on morȝenne in the morning; 3. by, with; with regard / respect to, in relation to

wintra

winter

noun

1. winter; 2. year

and

conjunction

and (also ond)

adverb, preposition

(Dat, Instr, Acc) 1. on, with, in; 2. in a temporal sense: on, at, in; within, during; on morȝenne in the morning; 3. by, with; with regard / respect to, in relation to

sumera

sumor

noun

summer (also sumer, sumur)

adverb, preposition

(Dat, Instr, Acc) 1. on, with, in; 2. in a temporal sense: on, at, in; within, during; on morȝenne in the morning; 3. by, with; with regard / respect to, in relation to

fiscaþe

fiscoþ

noun

fishing; the occupation of catching fish (also fiscoð, fiscaþ, -að)

adverb, preposition

(Dat, Instr) 1. by; near to; beside; at; on, upon; 2. around, round; about; 3. of, about; concerning, in reference to; 4. because of, for; by means of; according to, in conformity with (also bi, biȝ, bí)

þære

demonstrative pronoun

(séo fem; þæt neut; þá pl of all three genders) the, that (also sé)

sæ

sǽ

noun

sea

.

He

hé

personal pronoun

he (héo, hío fem she; hit, hyt neut it; hý, hí, híe, héo pl they)

sæde

secȝan

verb

to say (also secȝean, sæcȝan, secȝȝan)

þæt¹

þæt²

conjunction, relative pronoun

1. that; 2. so that, in order that; 3. that, which (also ðæt)

hé

personal pronoun

he (héo, hío fem she; hit, hyt neut it; hý, hí, híe, héo pl they)

æt

preposition

(Dat) 1) at; near, by, with; next to; 2) on, upon

sumum

sum

indefinite pronoun, adjective

1. some; 2. with cardinal numer.-s: one (of a company containing the specified number); syxa [seofona] sum he and six [seven] other men / persons

cirre

cierr

noun

1. one's turn, time; 2. space of time, moment; 3. occasion, affair (also cirr, cyrr, cerr); æt sumum cierre sometime, once

wolde

willan

verb

(p wolde) to will, be willing; to wish, desire (also wyllan)

fandian

verb

1. to try, attempt; 2. to examine, test; 3. to find out, discover; 4. to explore, investigate; 5. to seek, search out (also fondian)

hú

adverb

how, in what manner

lonȝe¹

lanȝe

adverb

(compar lenȝ, lenȝe; superl lenȝest) 1. long, (for) a long time; 2. long ago, long before; long after; 3. far, to a great distance (also lonȝe)

þæt

þæt¹

demonstrative pronoun

that (also ðæt) [vid se]

land

noun

1. land (as opposed to sea, water or air); 2. a land, country; region, district, province (also lond)

norþryhte

norþrihte

adverb

(direct) northwards, due north (also -ryhte, norð-)

læȝe

licȝan

verb

1. to lie, lie down; 2. to be laid to rest; to be buried; 3. to lie, be situated; to extend (said of a country, piece of land, etc)

oþþe

conjunction

or (also oððe, oðða, eðða); oþþe … oþþe either ... or

hwæðer

hwæþer

pronoun, conjunction

1. which (of two); 2. 1) one or other of two, either; 2) each of two, both; 3. whether (also hwæðer, hweþer, hweðer)

æniȝ

ǽniȝ

adjective, pronoun

any; any one (also ǽni)

mon

mann

noun

1. a human being; 2. man (also man, monn, mon)

benorðan

benorþan

adverb

in the north; northwards (also benorðan)

þæm

demonstrative pronoun

(séo fem; þæt neut; þá pl of all three genders) the, that (also sé)

westenne

wésten

noun

waste, wilderness; desert (also wóesten, wǽsten, western)

bude

búan

verb

(p búde, p.p. (ȝe)bún, (ȝe)búd) 1. to live, dwell; to inhabit; 2. to own, till, cultivate (land); 3. to be, stay (somewhere); to occupy (a place, site, etc)

. Þa¹

þá²

adverb, conjunction

1. then; at that time; thereafter; 2. when (also ðá); þá þe (then) when [vid also þá¹]; þá … þá then, … when; when; þa ȝyt, þa ȝiet a) (even) more; still; b) besides (that); moreover, furhtermore

for¹

fór

p tns, sing of faran

hé

personal pronoun

he (héo, hío fem she; hit, hyt neut it; hý, hí, híe, héo pl they)

norþryhte

norþrihte

adverb

(direct) northwards, due north (also -ryhte, norð-)

adverb, preposition

þæm

demonstrative pronoun

(séo fem; þæt neut; þá pl of all three genders) the, that (also sé)

lande

land

noun

1. land (as opposed to sea, water or air); 2. a land, country; region, district, province (also lond)

; let

lǽtan

verb

(p lét, léort; p.p. lǽten) 1. to leave, forsake; 2. to allow, permit (also létan)

him

hé

personal pronoun

he (héo, hío fem she; hit, hyt neut it; hý, hí, híe, héo pl they)

ealne

eall

adjective, adverb

1. all, entire, whole; 2. everything; 3. entirely, wholly, fully (also eal, al, all)

weȝ

noun

way (also wæȝ)

þæt

þæt¹

demonstrative pronoun

that (also ðæt) [vid se]

weste

wéste

adjective

1. uninhabited; waste, deserted; 2. untilled, uncultivated (also wóeste, wóste)

land

noun

1. land (as opposed to sea, water or air); 2. a land, country; region, district, province (also lond)

adverb, preposition

(Dat, Instr, Acc) 1. on, with, in; 2. in a temporal sense: on, at, in; within, during; on morȝenne in the morning; 3. by, with; with regard / respect to, in relation to

ðæt

þæt¹

demonstrative pronoun

that (also ðæt) [vid se]

steor-bord

stéorbord

noun

starboard (the right side of a ship or boat – when one is facing forward)

, and

and

conjunction

and (also ond)

þa

demonstrative pronoun

(séo fem; þæt neut; þá pl of all three genders) the, that (also sé)

wid-sæ

wídsǽ

noun

open sea; ocean

adverb, preposition

(Dat, Instr, Acc) 1. on, with, in; 2. in a temporal sense: on, at, in; within, during; on morȝenne in the morning; 3. by, with; with regard / respect to, in relation to

ðæt

þæt¹

demonstrative pronoun

that (also ðæt) [vid se]

bæc-bord

bæcbord

noun

larboard, port; left-hand side (of a ship or boat)

þrie

þrí

numeral

(þréo fem, neut) three (also þrý, þríe, ðrý etc)

daȝas

dæȝ

noun

day

. Þa¹

þá²

adverb, conjunction

wæs

wesan

verb

to be, exist (also weosan)

hé

personal pronoun

he (héo, hío fem she; hit, hyt neut it; hý, hí, híe, héo pl they)

swa

swá

adverb, conjunction

1) so, in this / that way; 2) as; swá … swá as ... more; swá-swá so as; just as; so that (also swé, swǽ)

feor

adjective, adverb

(compar fier, fierr, fyr, fyrr; superl fierrest, fyrrest, firrest) 1. far, at a distance; 2. long ago, far back; 3. moreover, besides; further; 4. far remote, distant (also feorr)

norþ

adverb

1. northwards; in the north, north; 2. gram mean of an a northern, relating to the north (also norð)

swa

swá

adverb, conjunction

1) so, in this / that way; 2) as; swá … swá as ... more; swá-swá so as; just as; so that (also swé, swǽ)

þa

demonstrative pronoun

(séo fem; þæt neut; þá pl of all three genders) the, that (also sé)

hwælhuntan

hwælhunta

noun

whale-hunter, whaler

firrest

feor

adjective, adverb

faraþ

faran

verb

1. to set forth; to travel, journey; to go, proceed; 2. to happen; 3. to exist; to get on, fare; to be in a state

. Þa¹

þá²

adverb, conjunction

for¹

fór

p tns, sing of faran

hé

personal pronoun

he (héo, hío fem she; hit, hyt neut it; hý, hí, híe, héo pl they)

þa¹

þá²

adverb, conjunction

ȝiet

ȝíet

adverb

1. yet, still; 2. further; besides, moreover; þa ȝíet also; besides this (also ȝíeta, ȝét, ȝít, ȝýt, ȝǽt)

norþryhte

norþrihte

adverb

(direct) northwards, due north (also -ryhte, norð-)

swa

swá

adverb, conjunction

1) so, in this / that way; 2) as; swá … swá as ... more; swá-swá so as; just as; so that (also swé, swǽ)

feor

adjective, adverb

swa

swá

adverb, conjunction

1) so, in this / that way; 2) as; swá … swá as ... more; swá-swá so as; just as; so that (also swé, swǽ)

hé

personal pronoun

he (héo, hío fem she; hit, hyt neut it; hý, hí, híe, héo pl they)

meahte¹

maȝan

verb

(p meahte, mæhte, mihte, mehte) 1. to be able; 2. to be strong; to avail, to be efficacious or sufficient

adverb, preposition

(Dat, Instr, Acc) 1. on, with, in; 2. in a temporal sense: on, at, in; within, during; on morȝenne in the morning; 3. by, with; with regard / respect to, in relation to

þæm

demonstrative pronoun

(séo fem; þæt neut; þá pl of all three genders) the, that (also sé)

oþrum

óþer

adjective

1) other; 2) one of two (also óðer); óþer … óþer one ... (an)other …

þrim

þrí

numeral

(þréo fem, neut) three (also þrý, þríe, ðrý etc)

daȝum

dæȝ

noun

day

ȝesiȝlan

ȝeseȝlan

verb

1. to sail; to travel in a sailing vessel; 2. to provide with sails (a vessel) (also ȝeseȝlian, ȝesiȝlan)

. Þa¹

þá²

adverb, conjunction

beaȝ

búȝan

verb

1. to bow; 2. to bend; 3. to turn away, retreat; to flee; 4. to submit, yield, surrender

þæt

þæt¹

demonstrative pronoun

that (also ðæt) [vid se]

land

noun

1. land (as opposed to sea, water or air); 2. a land, country; region, district, province (also lond)

þær

þǽr

adverb, conjunction

there; where, whither (also ðǽr, þár, ðár, þára, þér)

eastryhte

éastrihte

adverb

eastwards, towards the east; due east (also éastryhte)

oþþe

conjunction

or (also oððe, oðða, eðða); oþþe … oþþe either ... or

seo

demonstrative pronoun

(séo fem; þæt neut; þá pl of all three genders) the, that (also sé)

sæ

sǽ

noun

sea

preposition

(Dat, Acc) 1. in a spatial sense: in, into; among; 2. in a temporal sense: in, at, about; during

adverb, preposition

(Dat, Instr, Acc) 1. on, with, in; 2. in a temporal sense: on, at, in; within, during; on morȝenne in the morning; 3. by, with; with regard / respect to, in relation to

ðæt

þæt¹

demonstrative pronoun

that (also ðæt) [vid se]

lond

land

noun

1. land (as opposed to sea, water or air); 2. a land, country; region, district, province (also lond)

, he

hé

personal pronoun

he (héo, hío fem she; hit, hyt neut it; hý, hí, híe, héo pl they)

nysse

= ne + wisse (vid ne, witan¹) I did not know; he, she, it did not know

hwæðer

hwæþer

pronoun, conjunction

1. which (of two); 2. 1) one or other of two, either; 2) each of two, both; 3. whether (also hwæðer, hweþer, hweðer)

, buton

bútan

conjunction, adverb, preposition

(Dat) 1. but; if not; 2. without, except for; 3. outside, out; out of (also búton, bútun)

hé

personal pronoun

he (héo, hío fem she; hit, hyt neut it; hý, hí, híe, héo pl they)

wisse

witan¹

verb

(pres wát; p wisse, wiste) to know, have knowledge; to be aware (of)

ðæt¹

þæt²

conjunction, relative pronoun

1. that; 2. so that, in order that; 3. that, which (also ðæt)

hé

personal pronoun

he (héo, hío fem she; hit, hyt neut it; hý, hí, híe, héo pl they)

ðær

þǽr

adverb, conjunction

there; where, whither (also ðǽr, þár, ðár, þára, þér)

bad

bídan

verb

1. to wait, await, expect; to bide; 2. to remain, stay; to tarry; 3. to live, abide; 4. to endure, suffer

westan-windes

westanwind

noun

“wind from the west”, westwind

and

conjunction

and (also ond)

hwon¹

hwón

adjective, adverb

1. few, little; 2. a little; slightly; 3. a little while, awhile; for a brief period

norþan

adverb

from the north (also norðan)

, and

and

conjunction

and (also ond)

siȝlde

seȝlan

verb

to sail (also seȝlian, siȝlan)

ða¹

þá²

adverb, conjunction

east

éast

adverb

eastwards, in an easterly direction; from the east; in the east

adverb, preposition

lande

land

noun

1. land (as opposed to sea, water or air); 2. a land, country; region, district, province (also lond)

, swa-swa

swá

adverb, conjunction

1) so, in this / that way; 2) as; swá … swá as ... more; swá-swá so as; just as; so that (also swé, swǽ)

hé

personal pronoun

he (héo, hío fem she; hit, hyt neut it; hý, hí, híe, héo pl they)

meahte¹

maȝan

verb

(p meahte, mæhte, mihte, mehte) 1. to be able; 2. to be strong; to avail, to be efficacious or sufficient

adverb, preposition

(Dat, Instr, Acc) 1. on, with, in; 2. in a temporal sense: on, at, in; within, during; on morȝenne in the morning; 3. by, with; with regard / respect to, in relation to

feower

féower

numeral

four

daȝum

dæȝ

noun

day

ȝesiȝlan

ȝeseȝlan

verb

1. to sail; to travel in a sailing vessel; 2. to provide with sails (a vessel) (also ȝeseȝlian, ȝesiȝlan)

. Þa¹

þá²

adverb, conjunction

sceolde

sculan

verb

(pres sceal, scal; p scolde, sceolde) 1) shall, ought; to be obliged; 2) to owe

hé

personal pronoun

he (héo, hío fem she; hit, hyt neut it; hý, hí, híe, héo pl they)

ðær

þǽr

adverb, conjunction

there; where, whither (also ðǽr, þár, ðár, þára, þér)

bidan

bídan

verb

1. to wait, await, expect; to bide; 2. to remain, stay; to tarry; 3. to live, abide; 4. to endure, suffer

ryht-norþan-windes

riht-norþanwind

noun

a due north wind, north wind (also ryht-norþanwind)

; for-ðæm

forþǽm

conjunction

therefore, because; since; for (the reason) that (also forðǽm, forþám, forðám, forþan, forðan, forþon, forðon )

þæt

þæt¹

demonstrative pronoun

that (also ðæt) [vid se]

land

noun

1. land (as opposed to sea, water or air); 2. a land, country; region, district, province (also lond)

beaȝ

búȝan

verb

1. to bow; 2. to bend; 3. to turn away, retreat; to flee; 4. to submit, yield, surrender

þær

þǽr

adverb, conjunction

there; where, whither (also ðǽr, þár, ðár, þára, þér)

suþryhte

súþrihte

adverb

directly south, due south (also súðrihte)

oþþe

conjunction

or (also oððe, oðða, eðða); oþþe … oþþe either ... or

seo

demonstrative pronoun

(séo fem; þæt neut; þá pl of all three genders) the, that (also sé)

sæ

sǽ

noun

sea

preposition

(Dat, Acc) 1. in a spatial sense: in, into; among; 2. in a temporal sense: in, at, about; during

adverb, preposition

(Dat, Instr, Acc) 1. on, with, in; 2. in a temporal sense: on, at, in; within, during; on morȝenne in the morning; 3. by, with; with regard / respect to, in relation to

þæt

þæt¹

demonstrative pronoun

that (also ðæt) [vid se]

land

noun

1. land (as opposed to sea, water or air); 2. a land, country; region, district, province (also lond)

hé

personal pronoun

he (héo, hío fem she; hit, hyt neut it; hý, hí, híe, héo pl they)

nysse

= ne + wisse (vid ne, witan¹) I did not know; he, she, it did not know

hwæþer

pronoun, conjunction

1. which (of two); 2. 1) one or other of two, either; 2) each of two, both; 3. whether (also hwæðer, hweþer, hweðer)

. Þa¹

þá²

adverb, conjunction

siȝlde

seȝlan

verb

to sail (also seȝlian, siȝlan)

hé

personal pronoun

he (héo, hío fem she; hit, hyt neut it; hý, hí, híe, héo pl they)

þonan

þanon

adverb

1. thence, from there, from that place; 2. from that time, after that, henceforth; whence (also ðanon, þonan, þonon, ðonon, þanone, ðanone)

suðryhte

súþrihte

adverb

directly south, due south (also súðrihte)

adverb, preposition

lande

land

noun

1. land (as opposed to sea, water or air); 2. a land, country; region, district, province (also lond)

, swa-swa

swá

adverb, conjunction

1) so, in this / that way; 2) as; swá … swá as ... more; swá-swá so as; just as; so that (also swé, swǽ)

hé

personal pronoun

he (héo, hío fem she; hit, hyt neut it; hý, hí, híe, héo pl they)

mehte¹

maȝan

verb

(p meahte, mæhte, mihte, mehte) 1. to be able; 2. to be strong; to avail, to be efficacious or sufficient

adverb, preposition

(Dat, Instr, Acc) 1. on, with, in; 2. in a temporal sense: on, at, in; within, during; on morȝenne in the morning; 3. by, with; with regard / respect to, in relation to

fif

fíf

numeral

five

daȝum

dæȝ

noun

day

ȝesiȝlan

ȝeseȝlan

verb

1. to sail; to travel in a sailing vessel; 2. to provide with sails (a vessel) (also ȝeseȝlian, ȝesiȝlan)

. Ða¹

þá²

adverb, conjunction

læȝ

licȝan

verb

1. to lie, lie down; 2. to be laid to rest; to be buried; 3. to lie, be situated; to extend (said of a country, piece of land, etc)

þær

þǽr

adverb, conjunction

there; where, whither (also ðǽr, þár, ðár, þára, þér)

án

numeral

1. one; 2. gram mean of an adv only

micel

adjective

(compar mára; superl mǽst, mást) 1. great, big; 2. much, many (also mycel)

éa

noun

1. river; stream, flow; 2. water

up-in

adverb

up in, up into

adverb, preposition

(Dat, Instr, Acc) 1. on, with, in; 2. in a temporal sense: on, at, in; within, during; on morȝenne in the morning; 3. by, with; with regard / respect to, in relation to

þæt

þæt¹

demonstrative pronoun

that (also ðæt) [vid se]

land

noun

1. land (as opposed to sea, water or air); 2. a land, country; region, district, province (also lond)

. Þa¹

þá²

adverb, conjunction

cirdon

cierran

verb

1. to turn; to make a turn; 2. to convert, turn into; 3. to return, turn back (also cirran, cyrran, ceorran)

hie

hé

personal pronoun

he (héo, hío fem she; hit, hyt neut it; hý, hí, híe, héo pl they)

up-in

adverb

up in, up into

adverb, preposition

(Dat, Instr, Acc) 1. on, with, in; 2. in a temporal sense: on, at, in; within, during; on morȝenne in the morning; 3. by, with; with regard / respect to, in relation to

ða

demonstrative pronoun

(séo fem; þæt neut; þá pl of all three genders) the, that (also sé)

éa

noun

1. river; stream, flow; 2. water

, for-þæm

forþǽm

conjunction

therefore, because; since; for (the reason) that (also forðǽm, forþám, forðám, forþan, forðan, forþon, forðon )

hie

hé

personal pronoun

he (héo, hío fem she; hit, hyt neut it; hý, hí, híe, héo pl they)

adverb, conjunction

not, no; nor, neither; (also ni); ic ne dyde I did not do (that); ne secȝe ic éow I tell you, no

dorston

durran

verb

(pres, sing dear, dearr; pl durron; p, sing dorste, durste; pl dorston) to dare, venture

forþ

adverb, preposition

1. forwards, onwards; 2. from here; fro; 3. hence, henceforth; from this time (also forð)

adverb, preposition

þære

demonstrative pronoun

(séo fem; þæt neut; þá pl of all three genders) the, that (also sé)

éa

noun

1. river; stream, flow; 2. water

siȝlan

seȝlan

verb

to sail (also seȝlian, siȝlan)

for

preposition, conjunction

(Dat, Acc) 1. before, in front of; in the presence of; 2. during; 3. for, because (of), on account of; for þon, forþon vid forþǽm

unfriþe

unfriþ

noun

absence of peace, enmity, hostility; war (also unfrið)

; for-þæm

forþǽm

conjunction

therefore, because; since; for (the reason) that (also forðǽm, forþám, forðám, forþan, forðan, forþon, forðon )

ðæt

þæt¹

demonstrative pronoun

that (also ðæt) [vid se]

land

noun

1. land (as opposed to sea, water or air); 2. a land, country; region, district, province (also lond)

wæs

wesan

verb

to be, exist (also weosan)

eall

adjective, adverb

1. all, entire, whole; 2. everything; 3. entirely, wholly, fully (also eal, al, all)

ȝebun

ȝebún

adjective

inhabited

adverb, preposition

(Dat, Instr, Acc) 1. on, with, in; 2. in a temporal sense: on, at, in; within, during; on morȝenne in the morning; 3. by, with; with regard / respect to, in relation to

oþre

óþer

adjective

1) other; 2) one of two (also óðer); óþer … óþer one ... (an)other …

healfe¹

healf²

noun

1. a half; 2. side; part (also half)

þære

demonstrative pronoun

(séo fem; þæt neut; þá pl of all three genders) the, that (also sé)

eas

éa

noun

1. river; stream, flow; 2. water

. Ne

adverb, conjunction

not, no; nor, neither; (also ni); ic ne dyde I did not do (that); ne secȝe ic éow I tell you, no

mette

métan

verb

1. to meet (with); 2. to come across, find

hé

personal pronoun

he (héo, hío fem she; hit, hyt neut it; hý, hí, híe, héo pl they)

ær

ǽr

adverb, conjunction, preposition

(Dat) 1. early; earlier; 2. formerly, previously; 3. beforehand; already; lately; 4. until, till; 5. before, before that

nan

nán

adjective, pronoun

1. none, not one; no; 2. no-one, nobody; nothing

ȝebun

ȝebún

adjective

inhabited

land

noun

1. land (as opposed to sea, water or air); 2. a land, country; region, district, province (also lond)

, siþþan

siþþan

adverb, conjunction

1. afterwards, thereafter, since; 2. after that, since, when (also siððan, siþþon, siððon, sioþþan, sioððan, seoþþan, seoððan, syþþan, syððan)

hé

personal pronoun

he (héo, hío fem she; hit, hyt neut it; hý, hí, híe, héo pl they)

from

fram

preposition, adverb

(Dat) from; forth; out (also from)

his

hé

personal pronoun

he (héo, hío fem she; hit, hyt neut it; hý, hí, híe, héo pl they)

aȝnum

áȝen

adjective

own; personal, private (also ǽȝen, áȝan)

ham

hám

noun

1. home, dwelling, house; 2. homeland, native country; 3. village; settlement; town; 4. property, estate; farm; hám ȝán to go home

for¹

fór

p tns, sing of faran

.

Fela

fela

adjective, adverb

1. many; much; 2. very, much; 3. gram mean of a n multitude, a large number (of something) (also feala, feola)

spella

spell

noun

1. narrative, story, history; fable; 2. speech, discourse (also spel)

him

hé

personal pronoun

he (héo, hío fem she; hit, hyt neut it; hý, hí, híe, héo pl they)

sædon

secȝan

verb

to say (also secȝean, sæcȝan, secȝȝan)

þa

demonstrative pronoun

(séo fem; þæt neut; þá pl of all three genders) the, that (also sé)

Beormas

plural noun

Permians (a Finno-Ugric tribe)

æȝþer

ǽȝhwæþer

adjective, pronoun

1. both, either; 2. each, every (also ǽȝhwæðer, ǽȝhweþer, ǽȝhweðer, ǽȝþer, ǽȝðer); ǽȝhwæþer ... ȝe not only ... but (also); both ... and

ȝe¹

ȝe

conjunction

and; also; ȝe ... ȝe both ... and; not only ... but also

adverb, preposition

of, from, out of, off

hiera

hé

personal pronoun

he (héo, hío fem she; hit, hyt neut it; hý, hí, híe, héo pl they)

aȝnum

áȝen

adjective

own; personal, private (also ǽȝen, áȝan)

lande

land

noun

1. land (as opposed to sea, water or air); 2. a land, country; region, district, province (also lond)

ȝe¹

ȝe

conjunction

and; also; ȝe ... ȝe both ... and; not only ... but also

adverb, preposition

of, from, out of, off

þæm

demonstrative pronoun

(séo fem; þæt neut; þá pl of all three genders) the, that (also sé)

landum

land

noun

1. land (as opposed to sea, water or air); 2. a land, country; region, district, province (also lond)

þe

particle, relative pronoun, conjunction

1. who, which, what; 2. when, after that; 3. (there) where; 4. than; twǽm læs þe twéntiȝ wintra two less than twenty winters/years; 5. (in hwæþer ... þe) or; if; hwæþer hé wacode ðe slépte whether he was awake or asleep

ymb

adverb, preposition

(Dat, Acc) 1. in a spatial sense: around, about; near; 2. 1) about, concerning, regarding; ymb þinne sið about your journey / arrival; 2) because of, on account of; 3. in a temporal sense: 1) at, about, during; ymb niht at night; ymbe underntíde at three o'clock; 2) after; ðæs ymb lítel soon after [cf also 3)]; ymbe twelf monð after twelve months; ymb féower wintra four years after; 3) before; ðæs ymb lítel or ðæs ymb litel fæc shortly before that; a short while ago [cf also 2)]; ðæs ymb án ȝéar a year earlier; a year ago (also ymbe, umbe, embe)

hie

hé

personal pronoun

he (héo, hío fem she; hit, hyt neut it; hý, hí, híe, héo pl they)

utan

útan

adverb

1. outside, on the outside, without; 2. about, round; 3. abroad, out, away from land (also úten, úton)

wæron

wesan

verb

to be, exist (also weosan)

, ac

conjunction

but; but also, moreover

hé

personal pronoun

he (héo, hío fem she; hit, hyt neut it; hý, hí, híe, héo pl they)

nyste

= ne + wiste (vid ne, witan¹) I did not know; he, she, it did not know

hwæt

interrogative pronoun

what

þæs

demonstrative pronoun

(séo fem; þæt neut; þá pl of all three genders) the, that (also sé)

soþes¹

sóþ²

noun

truth; equity, justice (also sóð)

wæs

wesan

verb

to be, exist (also weosan)

, for-þæm

forþǽm

conjunction

therefore, because; since; for (the reason) that (also forðǽm, forþám, forðám, forþan, forðan, forþon, forðon )

hé

personal pronoun

he (héo, hío fem she; hit, hyt neut it; hý, hí, híe, héo pl they)

hit

hé

personal pronoun

he (héo, hío fem she; hit, hyt neut it; hý, hí, híe, héo pl they)

self

adjective, pronoun

self (also sylf, seolf, silf)

adverb, conjunction

not, no; nor, neither; (also ni); ic ne dyde I did not do (that); ne secȝe ic éow I tell you, no

ȝeseah

ȝeséon

verb

to see

. Þa

demonstrative pronoun

(séo fem; þæt neut; þá pl of all three genders) the, that (also sé)

Finnas

plural noun

Finns (Finno-Ugric peoples generally)

,
him

hé

personal pronoun

he (héo, hío fem she; hit, hyt neut it; hý, hí, híe, héo pl they)

þuhte

þyncan

verb

(p þúhte) to think; to seem, appear (usu in impersonal constructions, with the subject standing in Dat case; e g mé þinceþ methinks; it seems to me; him þúhte it seemed to him; he had an impression (that), etc) (also ðyncan)

, and

and

conjunction

and (also ond)

þa

demonstrative pronoun

(séo fem; þæt neut; þá pl of all three genders) the, that (also sé)

Beormas

plural noun

Permians (a Finno-Ugric tribe)

spræcon

sprecan

verb

(p spræc, spæc; p.p. sprecen, specen) to speak, say; to utter (also specan)

neah

néah

adjective, adverb

(compar néara, néarra, néar; superl níehst, níhst, nýhst) 1. near, nigh; close; 2. almost, nearly (also néh, níh)

án

numeral

1. one; 2. gram mean of an adv only

ȝeþeode

ȝeþéode

noun

1. language; speech; 2. translation; 3. nation, people (also ȝeðéode, ȝeþíede, ȝeðíede)

. Swiþost

swíþe

adverb

(compar swíþor; superl swíþost) 1. very much, greatly; exceedingly; 2. superl (swíþost) mostly, chiefly; especially (also swíðe, swýþe, swýðe)

hé

personal pronoun

he (héo, hío fem she; hit, hyt neut it; hý, hí, híe, héo pl they)

for¹

fór

p tns, sing of faran

ðider

þider

adverb

thither, to that place; on that side (also ðider, þyder, ðyder, þæder, ðæder)

, to-eacan

tóéacan

adverb, preposition

(Gen) besides, in addition

þæs

demonstrative pronoun

(séo fem; þæt neut; þá pl of all three genders) the, that (also sé)

landes

land

noun

1. land (as opposed to sea, water or air); 2. a land, country; region, district, province (also lond)

sceawunȝe

scéawunȝ

noun

1. surveying, examination; reconnoitring; 2. looking at, gazing; 3. spectacle, show; appearance (also scáwunȝ)

, for

for

preposition, conjunction

(Dat, Acc) 1. before, in front of; in the presence of; 2. during; 3. for, because (of), on account of; for þon, forþon vid forþǽm

þæm

demonstrative pronoun

(séo fem; þæt neut; þá pl of all three genders) the, that (also sé)

hors-hwælum

horshwæl

noun

walrus

,
for-ðæm

forþǽm

conjunction

therefore, because; since; for (the reason) that (also forðǽm, forþám, forðám, forþan, forðan, forþon, forðon )

hie

hé

personal pronoun

he (héo, hío fem she; hit, hyt neut it; hý, hí, híe, héo pl they)

habbað

habban

verb

(p hæfde; p.p. hæfed) to have; to possess, keep

swiþe

swíþe

adverb

(compar swíþor; superl swíþost) 1. very much, greatly; exceedingly; 2. superl (swíþost) mostly, chiefly; especially (also swíðe, swýþe, swýðe)

æþele

adjective

1. noble; aristocratic; 2. excellent, magnificent; 3. glorious, famous; 4. precious, valuable (also æðele)

ban

bán

noun

bone

adverb, preposition

(Dat, Instr, Acc) 1. on, with, in; 2. in a temporal sense: on, at, in; within, during; on morȝenne in the morning; 3. by, with; with regard / respect to, in relation to

hiora

hé

personal pronoun

he (héo, hío fem she; hit, hyt neut it; hý, hí, híe, héo pl they)

toþum

tóþ

noun

(pl téþ, téð) tooth (also tóð)

, – þa

demonstrative pronoun

(séo fem; þæt neut; þá pl of all three genders) the, that (also sé)

teð

tóþ

noun

(pl téþ, téð) tooth (also tóð)

hie

hé

personal pronoun

he (héo, hío fem she; hit, hyt neut it; hý, hí, híe, héo pl they)

brohton

brenȝan

verb

(p brohte; p.p. broht) = brinȝan

sume

sum

indefinite pronoun, adjective

1. some; 2. with cardinal numer.-s: one (of a company containing the specified number); syxa [seofona] sum he and six [seven] other men / persons

þæm

demonstrative pronoun

(séo fem; þæt neut; þá pl of all three genders) the, that (also sé)

cyninȝe

cyninȝ

noun

1. king; 2. Lord, God; Jesus Christ (also cinynȝ, cynenȝ, cyniȝ, cynȝ)

–, and

and

conjunction

and (also ond)

hiora

hé

personal pronoun

he (héo, hío fem she; hit, hyt neut it; hý, hí, híe, héo pl they)

hyd

hýd

noun

hide, skin (of an animal)

...

... bið

béon

verb

1. to be; to exist; 2. to become

swiðe

swíþe

adverb

(compar swíþor; superl swíþost) 1. very much, greatly; exceedingly; 2. superl (swíþost) mostly, chiefly; especially (also swíðe, swýþe, swýðe)

ȝod¹

ȝód¹

adjective

(compar betera, betra; superl betost, betest, betst) 1. good; 2. suitable, proper, excellent, etc; favourable, desirable

tó

preposition

(Dat) to, at

scip-rapum

scipráp

noun

“ship's rope”, cable (within the rigging of a vessel)

. Se

demonstrative pronoun

(séo fem; þæt neut; þá pl of all three genders) the, that (also sé)

hwæl

noun

whale

bið

béon

verb

1. to be; to exist; 2. to become

micle

adverb

(compar má, mǽ; superl mǽst) much (too), greatly; very (much) (also mycle)

læssa

lýtel

adjective

(compar lǽssa; superl lǽst, lǽsest) 1. little, small, not large; 2. little, few, not many or much; 3. gram mean of an adv little, slightly, to a small extent or degree; 4. gram mean of a n a little, a few (of); a small number or amount (of something) (also lítel)

þonne

adverb, conjunction

1. then, at that time; 2. then, after that; afterwards; 3. (then) when; 4. (rather) than (used after a comparative) (also ðonne, þanne, ðanne, þænne); læssa þonne oðre less(er) than others

oðre

óþer

adjective

1) other; 2) one of two (also óðer); óþer … óþer one ... (an)other …

hwalas

hwæl

noun

whale

;
ne

adverb, conjunction

not, no; nor, neither; (also ni); ic ne dyde I did not do (that); ne secȝe ic éow I tell you, no

bið

béon

verb

1. to be; to exist; 2. to become

hé

personal pronoun

he (héo, hío fem she; hit, hyt neut it; hý, hí, híe, héo pl they)

lenȝra

lanȝ

adjective

(compar lenȝra; superl lenȝest) 1. long (having great extent in space); 2. long, prolonged (having great duration in time); 3. tall (also lonȝ)
on a horizontal plane 2)

ðonne

þonne

adverb, conjunction

syfan

seofon

numeral

seven (also seofen, seofan, syfan)

elna

eln

noun

ell (the distance from the elbow to the fingertips; a unit of lengths approximately equal to 18 inches / 45.7 centimetres)

lanȝ

adjective

(compar lenȝra; superl lenȝest) 1. long (having great extent in space); 2. long, prolonged (having great duration in time); 3. tall (also lonȝ)
on a horizontal plane 2)

. Ac

conjunction

but; but also, moreover

adverb, preposition

(Dat, Instr, Acc) 1. on, with, in; 2. in a temporal sense: on, at, in; within, during; on morȝenne in the morning; 3. by, with; with regard / respect to, in relation to

his

hé

personal pronoun

he (héo, hío fem she; hit, hyt neut it; hý, hí, híe, héo pl they)

aȝnum

áȝen

adjective

own; personal, private (also ǽȝen, áȝan)

lande

land

noun

1. land (as opposed to sea, water or air); 2. a land, country; region, district, province (also lond)

béon

verb

1. to be; to exist; 2. to become

demonstrative pronoun

(séo fem; þæt neut; þá pl of all three genders) the, that (also sé)

betsta

ȝód¹

adjective

(compar betera, betra; superl betost, betest, betst) 1. good; 2. suitable, proper, excellent, etc; favourable, desirable

hwæl-huntað

hwælhuntoþ

noun

whale-hunting, whaling (also hwælhuntoð, hwælhuntaþ, hwælhuntað)

: þa

demonstrative pronoun

(séo fem; þæt neut; þá pl of all three genders) the, that (also sé)

beoð

béon

verb

1. to be; to exist; 2. to become

eahta

numeral

eight (also ahta, æhta, ehta)

and

conjunction

and (also ond)

feowertiȝes

féowertiȝ

numeral

forty (also féowurtiȝ)

elna

eln

noun

ell (the distance from the elbow to the fingertips; a unit of lengths approximately equal to 18 inches / 45.7 centimetres)

lanȝe

lanȝ

adjective

(compar lenȝra; superl lenȝest) 1. long (having great extent in space); 2. long, prolonged (having great duration in time); 3. tall (also lonȝ)
on a horizontal plane 2)

,
and

and

conjunction

and (also ond)

þa

demonstrative pronoun

(séo fem; þæt neut; þá pl of all three genders) the, that (also sé)

mæstan

micel

adjective

(compar mára; superl mǽst, mást) 1. great, big; 2. much, many (also mycel)

fiftiȝes

fíftiȝ

numeral

fifty

elna

eln

noun

ell (the distance from the elbow to the fingertips; a unit of lengths approximately equal to 18 inches / 45.7 centimetres)

lanȝe

lanȝ

adjective

(compar lenȝra; superl lenȝest) 1. long (having great extent in space); 2. long, prolonged (having great duration in time); 3. tall (also lonȝ)
on a horizontal plane 2)

. Þara

demonstrative pronoun

(séo fem; þæt neut; þá pl of all three genders) the, that (also sé)

hé

personal pronoun

he (héo, hío fem she; hit, hyt neut it; hý, hí, híe, héo pl they)

sæde

secȝan

verb

to say (also secȝean, sæcȝan, secȝȝan)

þæt¹

þæt²

conjunction, relative pronoun

1. that; 2. so that, in order that; 3. that, which (also ðæt)

hé

personal pronoun

he (héo, hío fem she; hit, hyt neut it; hý, hí, híe, héo pl they)

syxa

siex

numeral

six (also sex, seox, six, syx)

sum

indefinite pronoun, adjective

1. some; 2. with cardinal numer.-s: one (of a company containing the specified number); syxa [seofona] sum he and six [seven] other men / persons

ofsloȝe

ofsléan

verb

to kill, slay

syxtiȝ

siextiȝ

numeral

sixty (also sixtiȝ, syxtiȝ, sextiȝ)

adverb, preposition

(Dat, Instr, Acc) 1. on, with, in; 2. in a temporal sense: on, at, in; within, during; on morȝenne in the morning; 3. by, with; with regard / respect to, in relation to

twam

twéȝen

numeral

(twá fem; tú, twá neut) two, twain

daȝum

dæȝ

noun

day

.
He

hé

personal pronoun

he (héo, hío fem she; hit, hyt neut it; hý, hí, híe, héo pl they)

wæs

wesan

verb

to be, exist (also weosan)

swyðe

swíþe

adverb

(compar swíþor; superl swíþost) 1. very much, greatly; exceedingly; 2. superl (swíþost) mostly, chiefly; especially (also swíðe, swýþe, swýðe)

spediȝ

spédiȝ

adjective

rich, prosperous, successful; abounding in (something), plenteous

man

mann

noun

1. a human being; 2. man (also man, monn, mon)

adverb, preposition

(Dat, Instr, Acc) 1. on, with, in; 2. in a temporal sense: on, at, in; within, during; on morȝenne in the morning; 3. by, with; with regard / respect to, in relation to

þæm

demonstrative pronoun

(séo fem; þæt neut; þá pl of all three genders) the, that (also sé)

æhtum

ǽht

noun

1. property, possessions; 2. possession, ownership; 3. lands, landed estates; 4. wealth, riches; 5. cattle; domestic animals

þe

particle, relative pronoun, conjunction

heora

hé

personal pronoun

he (héo, hío fem she; hit, hyt neut it; hý, hí, híe, héo pl they)

speda

spéd

noun

1. wealth, riches; means; 2. luck, prosperity, success

adverb, preposition

(Dat, Instr, Acc) 1. on, with, in; 2. in a temporal sense: on, at, in; within, during; on morȝenne in the morning; 3. by, with; with regard / respect to, in relation to

beoð

béon

verb

1. to be; to exist; 2. to become

, þæt

þæt¹

demonstrative pronoun

that (also ðæt) [vid se]

béon

verb

1. to be; to exist; 2. to become

, on

adverb, preposition

(Dat, Instr, Acc) 1. on, with, in; 2. in a temporal sense: on, at, in; within, during; on morȝenne in the morning; 3. by, with; with regard / respect to, in relation to

wildrum

wildor

noun

wild beast, wild animal

. He

hé

personal pronoun

he (héo, hío fem she; hit, hyt neut it; hý, hí, híe, héo pl they)

hæfde

habban

verb

(p hæfde; p.p. hæfed) to have; to possess, keep

þa¹

þá²

adverb, conjunction

ȝyt

ȝíet

adverb

1. yet, still; 2. further; besides, moreover; þa ȝíet also; besides this (also ȝíeta, ȝét, ȝít, ȝýt, ȝǽt)

, ða¹

þá²

adverb, conjunction

hé

personal pronoun

he (héo, hío fem she; hit, hyt neut it; hý, hí, híe, héo pl they)

þone

demonstrative pronoun

(séo fem; þæt neut; þá pl of all three genders) the, that (also sé)

cyninȝe

cyninȝ

noun

1. king; 2. Lord, God; Jesus Christ (also cinynȝ, cynenȝ, cyniȝ, cynȝ)

sohte

sécan

verb

(p sóhte; p.p. sóht) 1. to seek, to look for; 2. to strive after, aim at; 3. to visit, come or go to (also sǽcan, sécean)

, tamra

tam

adjective

tame, domesticated; not wild (also tom)

deora

déor

noun

1. animal; beast; 2. deer (also díor)

unbebohtra

unbeboht

adjective

unsold

syx

siex

numeral

six (also sex, seox, six, syx)

hund

hund¹

numeral

hundred

. Þa

demonstrative pronoun

(séo fem; þæt neut; þá pl of all three genders) the, that (also sé)

deor

déor

noun

1. animal; beast; 2. deer (also díor)

hé

personal pronoun

he (héo, hío fem she; hit, hyt neut it; hý, hí, híe, héo pl they)

hatað

hátan

verb

(p héht, hét, p.p. háten) 1. to call, name; to give a name to; 2. to be called / named; 3. to order, command; 4. to promise

‘hranas

hrán

noun

reindeer

’;
þara

demonstrative pronoun

(séo fem; þæt neut; þá pl of all three genders) the, that (also sé)

wæron

wesan

verb

to be, exist (also weosan)

syx

siex

numeral

six (also sex, seox, six, syx)

stæl-hranas

stælhrán

noun

decoy-reindeer

; ða

demonstrative pronoun

(séo fem; þæt neut; þá pl of all three genders) the, that (also sé)

beoð

béon

verb

1. to be; to exist; 2. to become

swyðe

swíþe

adverb

(compar swíþor; superl swíþost) 1. very much, greatly; exceedingly; 2. superl (swíþost) mostly, chiefly; especially (also swíðe, swýþe, swýðe)

dyre

déore

adjective

1. dear, beloved; 2. precious, costly, valuable; 3. excellent, magnificent (also díore, dýre, díere)

mid

preposition

(Dat, Acc) 1) with; 2) by, with, by means of

Finnum

Finnas

plural noun

Finns (Finno-Ugric peoples generally)

,
for-ðæm

forþǽm

conjunction

therefore, because; since; for (the reason) that (also forðǽm, forþám, forðám, forþan, forðan, forþon, forðon )

hé

personal pronoun

he (héo, hío fem she; hit, hyt neut it; hý, hí, híe, héo pl they)

foð

fón

verb

(pres ic fó, ðú féhst, he féhþ, pl fóþ; p ic, he fénȝ, ðú fénȝe, pl fénȝon; p.p. fanȝen, fonȝen) 1. to grasp, seize, catch; 2. to receive, obtain; 3. to begin, start; fón tó ríce to ascend the throne; to seize power

þa

demonstrative pronoun

(séo fem; þæt neut; þá pl of all three genders) the, that (also sé)

wildan

wilde

adjective

1. wild, not domestic, not tamed (of animals); 2. wild, uncultivated, uninhabited (of places)

hranas

hrán

noun

reindeer

mid

preposition

(Dat, Acc) 1) with; 2) by, with, by means of

. He

hé

personal pronoun

he (héo, hío fem she; hit, hyt neut it; hý, hí, híe, héo pl they)

wæs

wesan

verb

to be, exist (also weosan)

mid

preposition

(Dat, Acc) 1) with; 2) by, with, by means of

þæm

demonstrative pronoun

(séo fem; þæt neut; þá pl of all three genders) the, that (also sé)

fyrstum

fyrst

numeral

1. first; 2. forward, foremost; 3. gram mean of an adv firstly; in the first place; at first, originally (also fyrest, first)

mannum

mann

noun

1. a human being; 2. man (also man, monn, mon)

adverb, preposition

(Dat, Instr, Acc) 1. on, with, in; 2. in a temporal sense: on, at, in; within, during; on morȝenne in the morning; 3. by, with; with regard / respect to, in relation to

þæm

demonstrative pronoun

(séo fem; þæt neut; þá pl of all three genders) the, that (also sé)

lande

land

noun

1. land (as opposed to sea, water or air); 2. a land, country; region, district, province (also lond)

. Næfde

næfde

= ne + hæfde (vid ne, habban) I had not; he, she, it had not

hé

personal pronoun

he (héo, hío fem she; hit, hyt neut it; hý, hí, híe, héo pl they)

þeah

þéah

conjunction, adverb

though, although; however, nevertheless; yet, still (also ðéah, þéh, ðéh, þǽh, ðǽh, þáh, ðáh)

má

adverb

(compar of micle) more; rather; further (also mǽ)

ðonne

þonne

adverb, conjunction

twentiȝ

twéntiȝ

numeral

twenty (also twéȝentiȝ)

hryðera

hríþer

noun

cattle; ox, cow (also hríðer, hrýþer, hrýðer, ríþer, rýðer)

and

conjunction

and (also ond)

twentiȝ

twéntiȝ

numeral

twenty (also twéȝentiȝ)

sceapa

scéap

noun

sheep also (scǽp, scép, scíp)

and

conjunction

and (also ond)

twentiȝ

twéntiȝ

numeral

twenty (also twéȝentiȝ)

swyna

swín

noun

pig, hog, swine (also swýn)

; and

and

conjunction

and (also ond)

þæt

þæt¹

demonstrative pronoun

that (also ðæt) [vid se]

lytle

lýtel

adjective

þæt¹

þæt²

conjunction, relative pronoun

1. that; 2. so that, in order that; 3. that, which (also ðæt)

hé

personal pronoun

he (héo, hío fem she; hit, hyt neut it; hý, hí, híe, héo pl they)

erede

erian

verb

to plough; to till, cultivate (land) (also eriȝean, eriȝan)

,
he

hé

personal pronoun

he (héo, hío fem she; hit, hyt neut it; hý, hí, híe, héo pl they)

erede

erian

verb

to plough; to till, cultivate (land) (also eriȝean, eriȝan)

mid

preposition

(Dat, Acc) 1) with; 2) by, with, by means of

horsan

hors

noun

horse

. Ac

conjunction

but; but also, moreover

hyra

hé

personal pronoun

he (héo, hío fem she; hit, hyt neut it; hý, hí, híe, héo pl they)

ár¹

noun

1. honour, dignity; 2. respect, reverence, appreciation; glory; 3. favour, mercy; goodness, kindness; 4. help, assistance; succour; 5. wealth, riches; income; 6. land(s); real estate

béon

verb

1. to be; to exist; 2. to become

mæst

micel

adjective

(compar mára; superl mǽst, mást) 1. great, big; 2. much, many (also mycel)

adverb, preposition

(Dat, Instr, Acc) 1. on, with, in; 2. in a temporal sense: on, at, in; within, during; on morȝenne in the morning; 3. by, with; with regard / respect to, in relation to

þæm

demonstrative pronoun

(séo fem; þæt neut; þá pl of all three genders) the, that (also sé)

ȝafole

ȝafol

noun

1. tribute, tax, payment; 2. debt; duty, obligation (also ȝafel, ȝaful, ȝæfol, ȝeafol, ȝefol)

þe

particle, relative pronoun, conjunction

ða

demonstrative pronoun

(séo fem; þæt neut; þá pl of all three genders) the, that (also sé)

Finnas

plural noun

Finns (Finno-Ugric peoples generally)

him

hé

personal pronoun

he (héo, hío fem she; hit, hyt neut it; hý, hí, híe, héo pl they)

ȝyldaþ

ȝieldan

verb

to pay; to repay, reimburse (also ȝildan, ȝyldan, ȝeldan)

. Þæt

þæt¹

demonstrative pronoun

that (also ðæt) [vid se]

ȝafol

noun

1. tribute, tax, payment; 2. debt; duty, obligation (also ȝafel, ȝaful, ȝæfol, ȝeafol, ȝefol)

bið

béon

verb

1. to be; to exist; 2. to become

adverb, preposition

(Dat, Instr, Acc) 1. on, with, in; 2. in a temporal sense: on, at, in; within, during; on morȝenne in the morning; 3. by, with; with regard / respect to, in relation to

deora

déor

noun

1. animal; beast; 2. deer (also díor)

fellum

fell

noun

1. fell; animal skin or hide; 2. skin (also fel)

, and

and

conjunction

and (also ond)

adverb, preposition

(Dat, Instr, Acc) 1. on, with, in; 2. in a temporal sense: on, at, in; within, during; on morȝenne in the morning; 3. by, with; with regard / respect to, in relation to

fuȝela

fuȝol

noun

bird (also fuȝel)

feðerum

feþer

noun

1. feather; swanes feðre swan's feathers; 2. pl (feðre) rar wings; 3. pen, quill (also feðer)

, and

and

conjunction

and (also ond)

hwales

hwæl

noun

whale

bane

bán

noun

bone

, and

and

conjunction

and (also ond)

adverb, preposition

(Dat, Instr, Acc) 1. on, with, in; 2. in a temporal sense: on, at, in; within, during; on morȝenne in the morning; 3. by, with; with regard / respect to, in relation to

þæm

demonstrative pronoun

(séo fem; þæt neut; þá pl of all three genders) the, that (also sé)

scip-rapum

scipráp

noun

“ship's rope”, cable (within the rigging of a vessel)

þe

particle, relative pronoun, conjunction

beoð

béon

verb

1. to be; to exist; 2. to become

adverb, preposition

of, from, out of, off

hwæles

hwæl

noun

whale

hyde

hýd

noun

hide, skin (of an animal)

ȝeworht

adjective

made, formed, fashioned; wrought

and

conjunction

and (also ond)

adverb, preposition

of, from, out of, off

seoles

seolh

noun

seal (aquatic mammal) (also siolh)

. Æȝhwilc

ǽȝhwilc

adjective, pronoun

each, every; all, any (also éȝhwilc, -hwelc, -hwylc); ǽȝhwilc óþer each other; one another

ȝylt

ȝieldan

verb

to pay; to repay, reimburse (also ȝildan, ȝyldan, ȝeldan)

adverb, preposition

hys

hé

personal pronoun

he (héo, hío fem she; hit, hyt neut it; hý, hí, híe, héo pl they)

ȝebyrdum

ȝebyrd

noun

1. birth; 2. origin, beginning; 3. quality; nature; 4. parentage, lineage; social status

.
Se

demonstrative pronoun

(séo fem; þæt neut; þá pl of all three genders) the, that (also sé)

byrdesta

byrde

adjective

noble, well-born; se byrdesta superl the noblest

sceall

sculan

verb

(pres sceal, scal; p scolde, sceolde) 1) shall, ought; to be obliged; 2) to owe

ȝyldan

ȝieldan

verb

to pay; to repay, reimburse (also ȝildan, ȝyldan, ȝeldan)

fiftyne

fíftíene

numeral

fifteen (also fíftýne, -téne, fýftíene, -týne, -téne)

mearðes

mearþ

noun

marten (a kind of weasel) (also mearð, mærþ, mærð, merþ, merð)

fell

noun

1. fell; animal skin or hide; 2. skin (also fel)

and

conjunction

and (also ond)

fif

fíf

numeral

five

hranes

hrán

noun

reindeer

,
and

and

conjunction

and (also ond)

án

numeral

1. one; 2. gram mean of an adv only

beran

bera

noun

bear

fel

fell

noun

1. fell; animal skin or hide; 2. skin (also fel)

, and

and

conjunction

and (also ond)

tyn

tíen

numeral

ten (also týn, tén, tín)

ambra

amber

noun

1. pitcher; tankard; 2. amphora; 3. bucket; 4. vessel; liquid measure (also omber, ember)

feðra

feþer

noun

1. feather; swanes feðre swan's feathers; 2. pl (feðre) rar wings; 3. pen, quill (also feðer)

, and

and

conjunction

and (also ond)

berenne

beren

adjective

1. made of bearskin; 2. of, relating to, or resembling a bear, ursine

kyrtel

cyrtel

noun

1. coat; frock; 2. kirtle, woman's dress (also kyrtel)

oððe

oþþe

conjunction

or (also oððe, oðða, eðða); oþþe … oþþe either ... or

yterenne

yteren

adjective

made of otter-skin

, and

and

conjunction

and (also ond)

tweȝen

twéȝen

numeral

(twá fem; tú, twá neut) two, twain

scip-rapas

scipráp

noun

“ship's rope”, cable (within the rigging of a vessel)

; æȝþer

ǽȝhwæþer

adjective, pronoun

1. both, either; 2. each, every (also ǽȝhwæðer, ǽȝhweþer, ǽȝhweðer, ǽȝþer, ǽȝðer); ǽȝhwæþer ... ȝe not only ... but (also); both ... and

béon

verb

1. to be; to exist; 2. to become

syxtiȝ

siextiȝ

numeral

sixty (also sixtiȝ, syxtiȝ, sextiȝ)

elna

eln

noun

ell (the distance from the elbow to the fingertips; a unit of lengths approximately equal to 18 inches / 45.7 centimetres)

lanȝ

adjective

(compar lenȝra; superl lenȝest) 1. long (having great extent in space); 2. long, prolonged (having great duration in time); 3. tall (also lonȝ)
on a horizontal plane 2)

, oþer

óþer

adjective

1) other; 2) one of two (also óðer); óþer … óþer one ... (an)other …

béon

verb

1. to be; to exist; 2. to become

adverb, preposition

of, from, out of, off

hwæles

hwæl

noun