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Adjective paradigms

2. Strong and weak declension of adjectives

2.1. Strong declension of adjectives

2.1. (a)

strong declension of adjectives -a- (-o-)* stem
blinds
(blind)
singular number
masculine gender neuter gender feminine gender
nominative blinds blind, blindata blinda
genitive blindis blindis blindaizōs
dative blindamma blindamma blindai
accusative blindana blind, blindata blinda
plural number
masculine gender neuter gender feminine gender
nominative blindai blinda blindōs
genitive blindaizē blindaizē blindaizō
dative blindaim blindaim blindaim
accusative blindans blinda blindōs

* By the -o- stem versions we mean fem forms of the same type of adjectives.

Index

2.1. (b)

(subtype of -a- (-o-) stem adjectives)

strong declension of adjectives -ja- (-jo-)* stem
midjis
(middle)
singular number
masculine gender neuter gender feminine gender
nominative midjis midi, midjata midja
genitive midjis midjis midjaizōs
dative midjamma midjamma midjai
accusative midjana midi, midjata midja
plural number
masculine gender neuter gender feminine gender
nominative midjai midja midjōs
genitive midjaizē midjaizē midjaizō
dative midjaim midjaim midjaim
accusative midjans midja midjōs

* By the -jo- stem versions we mean fem forms of the same type of adjectives.

Index

2.1. (c)

strong declension of adjectives -i- stem
hrains
(clean; pure)
singular number
masculine gender neuter gender feminine gender
nominative hrains hrain, hrainjata hrains
genitive hrainis hrainis hrainjaizōs
dative hrainjamma hrainjamma hrainjai
accusative hrainjana hrain, hrainjata hrainja
plural number
masculine gender neuter gender feminine gender
nominative hrainjai hrainja hrainjōs
genitive hrainjaizē hrainjaizē hrainjaizō
dative hrainjaim hrainjaim hrainjaim
accusative hrainjans hrainja hrainjōs

Index

2.1. (d) (mixed type -i-/-ja-)

This type of adjectival declension included a number of adjectives (e g anahaimeis, anahaims (at home; present); auþeis, auþs (desert, waste); aljakuns (strange, foreign)), which originally belonged to -i- type, but in the course of time, the majority of their case forms came to coincide with the case forms of -ja- (-jo-) type of declension.

Index

2.1 (e)

strong declension of adjectives -u- stem
hardus
(hard)
singular number
masculine gender neuter gender feminine gender
nominative hardus hardu, hardjata hardus
genitive hardjaus hardjaus hardjaizōs
dative hardjamma hardjamma hardjai
accusative hardjana hardu, hardjata hardja
plural number
masculine gender neuter gender feminine gender
nominative hardjai hardja hardjōs
genitive hardjaizē hardjaizē hardjaizō
dative hardjaim hardjaim hardjaim
accusative hardjans hardja hardjōs

Index

2.2. Weak declension of adjectives

2.2. (a)

weak declension of adjectives
blinda
(blind)
singular number
masculine gender neuter gender feminine gender
nominative blinda blindō blindō
genitive blindins blindins blindōns
dative blindin blindin blindōn
accusative blindan blindō blindōn
plural number
masculine gender neuter gender feminine gender
nominative blindans blindōna blindōns
genitive blindanē blindanē blindōnō
dative blindam blindam blindōm
accusative blindans blindōna blindōns

Present participles of Goth vebs mainly followed this same pattern of declension.

Index

2.2. (b) present participle I (-nd- stem)

The present participle (otherwise participle I) denoted in Gothic:

(a) The process taking place simultaneously with the action or state expressed by the predicate; e.g. þamma bidjandin þuk gibais (give to him who asks of you) (Matth. 5:42); þanuh atberun du imma usliþan ana ligra ligandan (and they brought to him a paralytic lying on a bed) (Matth. 9:2); Iesus [...] gasaƕ mannan sitandan at motai (Jesus […] saw a man […] sitting at the receipt of custom) (Matth. 9:9); iþ þai mans sildaleikidedun qiþandans (but the men marvelled, saying) (Matth. 8:27), and so on.

(b) At the same time, present participle in Gothic oft denoted the process preceding the action or state expressed by the predicate; e.g. – dalaþ þan atgaggandin imma af fairgunja, laistidedun afar imma iumjons managos (when Jesus came down from the mountain, large crowds followed him) (Matth. 8:1); jah urreisands galaiþ in gard seinana (and he got up and went home) (Matth. 9:7); jah duatgaggandans siponjos is urraisidedun ina (and his disciples came to him, and awoke him) (Matth. 8:25); gasaihvands þan Iesu jah ufhropjands draus du imma (seeing Jesus, he cried out and fell before him) (Luk. 8:28).

The syntacto-semantic function of Goth present participle in such constructions is not unlike that of the Russian verbal adverb aka adverbial participle (деепричастие). Thus, the Goth present participles included in the above excerpts can be translated into English either by means of subordinate or independent clauses … þamma bidjandin þuk gibais (give to him who asks of you); duatgaggandans siponjos is urraisidedun ina (and his disciples came to him, and awoke him); or by means of the English present participles: sildaleikidedun qiþandans ((the men) marvelled, saying); gasaihvands þan Iesu (seeing Jesus, (he)); gasaƕ mannan sitandan at motai (saw a man sitting at the receipt of custom), and so on

present participle -nd- stem
qiþands
(saying, speaking)
(< qiþan [strong verb, class V] (to say, speak))
singular number
masculine gender neuter gender feminine gender
nominative qiþands
(qiþanda)		 qiþando qiþandei
genitive qiþandins qiþandins qiþandeins
dative qiþandin qiþandin qiþandein
accusative qiþandan qiþando qiþandein
plural number
masculine gender neuter gender feminine gender
nominative qiþandans qiþandona qiþandeins
genitive qiþandane qiþandane qiþandeino
dative qiþandam qiþandam qiþandeim
accusative qiþandans qiþandona qiþandeins

Index