1. to happen, come to pass; to take place; 2. to become, turn into something; hails waírþan to become healthy; to be healed / cured; to recover from illness
Etymology
[← Prot-Germ *werþan; OE weorðan, weorþan (Mod E worth arch); O Fris wertha; O Sax werthan; Dt worden; OHG werdan (Mod G werden); O Icel verða (Mod Icel verða) ← Indo-Europ *wert- “to turn around; rotate”; cf Sanskr vártate “to turn, revolve; to roll”; Avest varət- “to turn, revolve”; Lat vertere “tu turn, revolve”; O Slav врьтѣти (Russ вертеть “to turn, (make) revolve”)]
Concordance
wairþa - 1 pers, sing, pres, indicat - Luk. X, 25; Cor. II, VI, 16; VI, 18; Philip. I, 20
wairþis - 2 pers, sing, pres, indicat - Luk. XIV, 14; Tim. I, IV, 6
wairþiþ - 3 pers, sing, pres, indicat; 2 pers, pl, pres, indicat - Matth. V, 18; V, 20; V, 21; V, 22; VI, 22; VI, 23; VIII, 12; IX, 16; XI, 22; XI, 24; XXVI, 2; Mrk. II, 21; IV, 11; IV, 19etc
wairþam - 1 pers, pl, pres, indicat - Cor. II, IV, 1; IV, 16; Thessal. I, IV, 17
wairþand - 3 pers, pl, pres, indicat - Matth. XI, 5; Mrk. VI, 2; X, 31; XIII, 19; XIII, 25; Luk. XVII, 34; XVII, 35; Jhn. VI, 45; X, 16 etc
wairþau - 1 pers, sing, pres; optat - Mrk. X, 17; Luk. XVIII, 18; Cor. I, IX, 23; IX, 27
wairþai - 3 pers, sing, pres, optat - Matth. VI, 10; VIII, 13; IX, 29; X, 25; Mrk. IV, 22; IX, 12; XIII, 18; Luk. I, 20; I, 38 etc
wairþaima - 1 pers, pl, pres, optat - Cor. II, IV, 1; Galat. II, 16; V, 26; VI, 9
wairþaiþ, wairþaid - 2 pers, pl, pres, optat - Matth. V, 45; VI, 16; Luk. VI, 36; Jhn. XII, 36; XV, 8; Rom. VII, 4; XII, 16; Cor. I, VII, 23 etc
wairþaina - 3 pers, pl, pres, optat - Jhn. IX, 39; Cor. II, XI, 3; Coloss. III, 21; Skeirns. III, 9
warþ - 3 pers, sing, p, indicat - Matth. VII, 28; VIII, 3; VIII, 24; VIII, 26; IX, 10; IX, 25; IX, 33; XI, 1; XI, 19 etc
warst - 2 pers, sing, p, indicat - Jhn. IX, 34; Rom. XI, 17; XI, 24
waurþum - 1 pers, pl, p, indicat - Rom. VII, 6; Cor. I, IV, 9; Cor. II, IV, 1
waurþuþ - 2 pers, pl, p, indicat - Luk. XVI, 11; XVI, 12; Jhn. VI, 26; Rom. VII, 4; XI, 30; Cor. I, IV, 8; Ephes. I, 13; II, 13; Philip. IV, 10; Thessal. I, II, 14
waurþun - 3 pers, pl, p, indicat - Matth. XI, 20; Mrk. I, 22; I, 36; VI, 3; VIII, 8; IX, 3; X, 32; Luk. IV, 28 etc
waurþi - 3 pers, sing, p, optat - Jhn. VIII, 58; IX, 19; XIII, 18; XIII, 19; XIV, 29; XVII, 12; Rom. VII, 13; Cor. II, IX, 3
waurþeima - 1 pers, pl, p, optat - Rom. IX, 29; Cor. II, V, 21
waurþeina - 3 pers, pl p, optat - Matth. XI, 21; XI, 23; Luk. X, 13; Jhn. IX, 3; XII, 42
wairþan - inf- Matth. VIII, 24; Mrk. I, 17; VII, 27; X, 43; X, 44; XIII, 29; Luk. I, 66; IX, 22; XV, 14; XVIII, 1 etc
wairþ - 2 pers, sing, imper - Matth. VIII, 3; Mrk. I, 41; Luk. V, 13
wairþands - pres.p.- Skeirns. II, 1
waurþans - p.p.- Matth. VIII, 16; XI, 21; XI, 23; XXVII, 1; XXVII, 54; Mrk. I, 32; IV, 35; V, 14; VI, 21; VI, 26; XV, 42 etc
wairþaiduh = wairþaiþ + -uh (vid -uh part) - Ephes. IV, 32
wairþis - 2 pers, sing, pres, indicat - Luk. XIV, 14; Tim. I, IV, 6
wairþiþ - 3 pers, sing, pres, indicat; 2 pers, pl, pres, indicat - Matth. V, 18; V, 20; V, 21; V, 22; VI, 22; VI, 23; VIII, 12; IX, 16; XI, 22; XI, 24; XXVI, 2; Mrk. II, 21; IV, 11; IV, 19etc
wairþam - 1 pers, pl, pres, indicat - Cor. II, IV, 1; IV, 16; Thessal. I, IV, 17
wairþand - 3 pers, pl, pres, indicat - Matth. XI, 5; Mrk. VI, 2; X, 31; XIII, 19; XIII, 25; Luk. XVII, 34; XVII, 35; Jhn. VI, 45; X, 16 etc
wairþau - 1 pers, sing, pres; optat - Mrk. X, 17; Luk. XVIII, 18; Cor. I, IX, 23; IX, 27
wairþai - 3 pers, sing, pres, optat - Matth. VI, 10; VIII, 13; IX, 29; X, 25; Mrk. IV, 22; IX, 12; XIII, 18; Luk. I, 20; I, 38 etc
wairþaima - 1 pers, pl, pres, optat - Cor. II, IV, 1; Galat. II, 16; V, 26; VI, 9
wairþaiþ, wairþaid - 2 pers, pl, pres, optat - Matth. V, 45; VI, 16; Luk. VI, 36; Jhn. XII, 36; XV, 8; Rom. VII, 4; XII, 16; Cor. I, VII, 23 etc
wairþaina - 3 pers, pl, pres, optat - Jhn. IX, 39; Cor. II, XI, 3; Coloss. III, 21; Skeirns. III, 9
warþ - 3 pers, sing, p, indicat - Matth. VII, 28; VIII, 3; VIII, 24; VIII, 26; IX, 10; IX, 25; IX, 33; XI, 1; XI, 19 etc
warst - 2 pers, sing, p, indicat - Jhn. IX, 34; Rom. XI, 17; XI, 24
waurþum - 1 pers, pl, p, indicat - Rom. VII, 6; Cor. I, IV, 9; Cor. II, IV, 1
waurþuþ - 2 pers, pl, p, indicat - Luk. XVI, 11; XVI, 12; Jhn. VI, 26; Rom. VII, 4; XI, 30; Cor. I, IV, 8; Ephes. I, 13; II, 13; Philip. IV, 10; Thessal. I, II, 14
waurþun - 3 pers, pl, p, indicat - Matth. XI, 20; Mrk. I, 22; I, 36; VI, 3; VIII, 8; IX, 3; X, 32; Luk. IV, 28 etc
waurþi - 3 pers, sing, p, optat - Jhn. VIII, 58; IX, 19; XIII, 18; XIII, 19; XIV, 29; XVII, 12; Rom. VII, 13; Cor. II, IX, 3
waurþeima - 1 pers, pl, p, optat - Rom. IX, 29; Cor. II, V, 21
waurþeina - 3 pers, pl p, optat - Matth. XI, 21; XI, 23; Luk. X, 13; Jhn. IX, 3; XII, 42
wairþan - inf- Matth. VIII, 24; Mrk. I, 17; VII, 27; X, 43; X, 44; XIII, 29; Luk. I, 66; IX, 22; XV, 14; XVIII, 1 etc
wairþ - 2 pers, sing, imper - Matth. VIII, 3; Mrk. I, 41; Luk. V, 13
wairþands - pres.p.- Skeirns. II, 1
waurþans - p.p.- Matth. VIII, 16; XI, 21; XI, 23; XXVII, 1; XXVII, 54; Mrk. I, 32; IV, 35; V, 14; VI, 21; VI, 26; XV, 42 etc
wairþaiduh = wairþaiþ + -uh (vid -uh part) - Ephes. IV, 32
Paradigm
4.1.1.3.
In the combination sonant + occlusive, r, l, m, n were initially syllable-forming sounds, but already in the Common Germanic period, before r, l, m, n there began to appear the so-called epenthetic (inserted) vowel, which in Gothic always produced [-u-]
.
| III class | infinitive | preterite singular | preterite plural | past participle |
| normal grade | normal grade | zero grade | zero grade | |
| i/ă | -i- | -a- | zero | zero |
| additional element of vowel gradation for this class is sonant + any consonant, e.g. -nd-, -rþ-, etc. | i + nd = ind | a + nd = and | epenthetic u + nd = und | epenthetic u + nd = und |
| to bind; to tie | bindan | band | bundum | bundans |
| i + rþ = airþ [-ɛ-] | a + rþ = arþ | epenthetic au [-o-] + rþ = aurþ [-orþ-] | epenthetic au [-o-] + rþ = aurþ [-orþ-] | |
| to become, turn into something | wairþan [-ɛ-] |
warþ | waúrþum [-o-] |
waúrþans [-o-] |
See the complete paradigm of the conjugation of strong verbs
Go to Verb paradigms
