(p iddja, also gaggida) 1) to go; to walk; 2) to come
Etymology
[← Prot-Germ *gangan; OE ȝanȝan, ȝonȝan (Mod E gang arch); O Fris ganga, gunga; O Sax gangan; OHG gangan; Icel ganga; cf also Prot-Germ *gēnan; OE ȝan (Mod E go); O Fris gān; O Sax gān; Dt gaan; OHG gān, gēn (Mod G gehen)]
Concordance
gagga - 1 pers, sing, pres, indicat - Luk. XIV, 19; XV, 18; Jhn. VII, 33; VIII, 21, VIII, 22; XIII, 33; XIII, 36; XIV, 2; XIV, 3; XIV, 4 etc
gaggis - 2 pers, sing, pres, indicat - Matth. VIII, 19; Luk. IX, 57; Jhn. XI, 8; XIII, 36; XIV, 5; XVI, 5; Rom. XIV, 5
gaggid, gaggiþ - 3 pers, sing, pres, indicat; 2 pers, pl, imper - Matth. VIII, 9; VIII, 32; XXV, 41; XXVII, 65; Mrk. XVI, 7; Luk. III, 16; VIII, 49; X, 3; XIV, 17 etc gaggais - 2 pers, sing, pres, optat - Matth. V, 41; Mrk. VIII, 26
gaggai - 3 pers, sing, pres, optat - Luk. XIV, 27; Jhn. VII, 37; Cor. I, VII, 17
gaggam - 1 pers, pl, pres, indicat; 1 pers, pl, imper - Mrk. I, 38; XIV, 42; Jhn. XI, 7; XI, 11; XI, 15; XI, 16; XIV, 31; Cor. II, V, 7; Galat. V, 25
gaggand - 3 pers, pl, pres, indicat - Matth. XI, 5; Mrk. VII, 5; Luk. VII, 22; Galat. II, 14; Ephes. IV, 17; Philip. III, 18; Tim. II, II, 16; Skeirns. IV, 2
gaggaima - 1 pers, pl, pres, optat - Rom. XIII, 13; Ephes. II, 10
gaggaiþ - 2 pers, pl, pres, optat - Matth. IX, 13; Mrk. VI, 10; Luk. IX, 4; X, 8; Ephes. IV, 17; V, 2; V, 8; Galat. V, 16; Coloss. I, 10; IV, 5; Thessal. I, IV, 1; IV, 12
gaggands - pres.p.- Matth. XI, 4; XXVII, 66; Mrk. III, 6; VIII, 24; X, 32; XVI, 10; XVI, 12; XVI, 15; Luk. I, 6 etc
gaggats - 2 pers, dual, imper - Mrk. XI, 2; XIV, 13; Luk. XIX, 30
gaggida - 3 pers, sing, p, indicat - Luk. XIX, 12
iddja - 3 pers, sing, p, indicat- Matth. IX, 9; IX, 19; Mrk. II, 14; V, 42; VI, 56; Luk. I, 39; II, 51; IV, 30; V, 28; VII, 11 etc
iddjedum - 1 pers, pl, p, indicat - Cor. II, XII, 18
iddjedun - 3 pers, pl, p, indicat - Mrk. I, 45; II, 13; II, 15; V, 24; IX, 30; XI, 15; XI, 27; Luk. II, 3; IX, 56 etc
iddjeduþ - 2 pers, pl, p, indicat - Ephes. II, 2; Coloss. III, 7
iddjuh = iddja + -uh (vid -uh part) - Luk. VII, 6; Jhn. XVIII, 3
iddjedunuh = iddjedun + -uh (vid -uh part) - Jhn. VI, 17; XI, 31
gaggan - inf- Mrk. X, 14; Luk. VI, 1; VIII, 41; IX, 23; IX, 51; X, 1; XVIII, 16; XX, 46; Jhn. VII, 1 etc
gagg - 2 pers, sing, imper - Matth. V, 24; VI, 6; VIII, 4; VIII, 9; VIII, 13; IX, 5; IX, 6; Mrk. I, 44; II, 9; II, 11; II, 14 etc
gaggis - 2 pers, sing, pres, indicat - Matth. VIII, 19; Luk. IX, 57; Jhn. XI, 8; XIII, 36; XIV, 5; XVI, 5; Rom. XIV, 5
gaggid, gaggiþ - 3 pers, sing, pres, indicat; 2 pers, pl, imper - Matth. VIII, 9; VIII, 32; XXV, 41; XXVII, 65; Mrk. XVI, 7; Luk. III, 16; VIII, 49; X, 3; XIV, 17 etc gaggais - 2 pers, sing, pres, optat - Matth. V, 41; Mrk. VIII, 26
gaggai - 3 pers, sing, pres, optat - Luk. XIV, 27; Jhn. VII, 37; Cor. I, VII, 17
gaggam - 1 pers, pl, pres, indicat; 1 pers, pl, imper - Mrk. I, 38; XIV, 42; Jhn. XI, 7; XI, 11; XI, 15; XI, 16; XIV, 31; Cor. II, V, 7; Galat. V, 25
gaggand - 3 pers, pl, pres, indicat - Matth. XI, 5; Mrk. VII, 5; Luk. VII, 22; Galat. II, 14; Ephes. IV, 17; Philip. III, 18; Tim. II, II, 16; Skeirns. IV, 2
gaggaima - 1 pers, pl, pres, optat - Rom. XIII, 13; Ephes. II, 10
gaggaiþ - 2 pers, pl, pres, optat - Matth. IX, 13; Mrk. VI, 10; Luk. IX, 4; X, 8; Ephes. IV, 17; V, 2; V, 8; Galat. V, 16; Coloss. I, 10; IV, 5; Thessal. I, IV, 1; IV, 12
gaggands - pres.p.- Matth. XI, 4; XXVII, 66; Mrk. III, 6; VIII, 24; X, 32; XVI, 10; XVI, 12; XVI, 15; Luk. I, 6 etc
gaggats - 2 pers, dual, imper - Mrk. XI, 2; XIV, 13; Luk. XIX, 30
gaggida - 3 pers, sing, p, indicat - Luk. XIX, 12
iddja - 3 pers, sing, p, indicat- Matth. IX, 9; IX, 19; Mrk. II, 14; V, 42; VI, 56; Luk. I, 39; II, 51; IV, 30; V, 28; VII, 11 etc
iddjedum - 1 pers, pl, p, indicat - Cor. II, XII, 18
iddjedun - 3 pers, pl, p, indicat - Mrk. I, 45; II, 13; II, 15; V, 24; IX, 30; XI, 15; XI, 27; Luk. II, 3; IX, 56 etc
iddjeduþ - 2 pers, pl, p, indicat - Ephes. II, 2; Coloss. III, 7
iddjuh = iddja + -uh (vid -uh part) - Luk. VII, 6; Jhn. XVIII, 3
iddjedunuh = iddjedun + -uh (vid -uh part) - Jhn. VI, 17; XI, 31
gaggan - inf- Mrk. X, 14; Luk. VI, 1; VIII, 41; IX, 23; IX, 51; X, 1; XVIII, 16; XX, 46; Jhn. VII, 1 etc
gagg - 2 pers, sing, imper - Matth. V, 24; VI, 6; VIII, 4; VIII, 9; VIII, 13; IX, 5; IX, 6; Mrk. I, 44; II, 9; II, 11; II, 14 etc
Paradigm
4.6. Irregular verbs
The group of irregular verbs in Gothic is represented by a number of verbs, which reveal various peculiarities of their conjugational patterns:
4.6.1.
briggan (to bring).
According to the structure of the stem of its pres tense, this v belongs to the str verbs of class III. Its p tense is formed by means of stem vowel gradation and the addition of the dental suffix, represented by its variant form -ta: brāhta (< *braŋxta) (he brought), brāhtedun (they brought).
4.6.2.
gaggan (to go, walk).
According to the structure of the stem of its pres tense and the form of its p.p. (gaggans), gaggan belongs to the class of reduplicating verbs (the 3rd class weak verbs bauan, trauan are also believed to have previously been reduplicating ones [vid also 4.1.3 (c)]); in preterite, the weak form gaggida (he went) is once attested (Luk. 19:12), while usu an unrelated verbal stem: iddja (he went), iddjedun (they went) is applied. Therefore, by the type of the building of its tense forms, gaggan is a suppletive verb.
4.6.3.
wisan (to be, exist)
is a suppletive verb. The stem *es- produces only the personal forms of pres tns, while or other forms are produced based on the verbal stem *wes-, Goth wis-, in the manner similar to that of class V strong verbs: inf wisan, p sing was, p tense pl wesum.
In the pres tns, the verbal stem *es- is represented by the ful and zero grades of ablaut. The type of conjugation is athematic.
For this verb, the forms of optative are used instead of imperative mood.
Present tense
| wisan (to be, exist) (irregular suppletive verb) |
| indicative mood | optative mood | |||
| singular number | ||||
| 1st person | im | sijau | ||
| 2nd person | is | sijais | ||
| 3rd person | ist | sijai | ||
| dual number | ||||
| 1st person | siju | |||
| plural number | ||||
| 1st person | sijum | sijaima | ||
| 2nd person | sijuþ | sijaiþ | ||
| 3rd person | sind | sijaina | ||
| present participle | ||||
| wisands | ||||
See the paradigm of the declension of the present participle]
Preterite, past tense
| indicative mood | optative mood | |||
| singular number | ||||
| 1st person | was | wēsjau | ||
| 2nd person | wast | wēseis | ||
| 3rd person | was | wēsi | ||
| plural number | ||||
| 1st person | wēsum | wēseima | ||
| 2nd person | wēsuþ | wēseiþ | ||
| 3rd person | wēsun | wēseina | ||
| past participle | ||||
| not attested or preserved in this verb | ||||
4.6.4.
wiljan (to want, wish, will)
pres tense forms are built like those of optat of p tense.
Present tense
| indicative mood | |
| singular number | |
| 1st person | wiljau |
| 2nd person | wileis |
| 3rd person | wili |
| dual number | |
| 2nd person | wileits |
| plural number | |
| 1st person | wileima |
| 2nd person | wileiþ |
| 3rd person | wileina |
| present participle | ||||
| wiljands | ||||
p tense forms are built like those of weak verbs:
Past tense
| indicative mood | |
| singular number | |
| 1st person | wilda |
| 2nd person | wildēs |
| 3rd person | wilda |
| plural number | |
| 1st person | wildēdum |
| 2nd person | wildēduþ |
| 3rd person | wildēdun |
There are also attested the forms of 3 pers sing, optat wildēdi (would like/want (to)) and 2 pers pl wildēdeiþ ((if) you are willing).
Go to Verb paradigms
