Noun paradigms
- 1. Nouns
- 1.1. Vocalic-stem nouns
- 1.1.1. -a- stem nouns
- 1.1.2. -o- stem nouns
- 1.1.3. -i- stem nouns
- 1.1.4. -u- stem nouns
- 1.2. Consonantal-stem nouns
- 1.2.1. -n- stem nouns (weak declension)
- 1.2.2. Kinship terms
- 1.2.3. Participial nouns
- 1.3. Root-stem nouns
- 2. Adjectives
- 3. Pronouns
- 4. Verbs
1. Nouns
1.1. Vocalic-stem nouns
1.1.1. -a- stem nouns
1.1.1. (a)
|
nouns, -a- stem, masculine gender
dags
(day) |
||
| singular | plural | |
| nominative | dags | dagōs |
| genitive | dagis | dagē |
| dative | daga | dagam |
| accusative | dag | dagans |
| vocative | dag | |
|
nouns, -a- stem, neuter gender
waurd
(word) |
||
| singular | plural | |
| nominative | waúrd | waúrda |
| genitive | waúrdis | waúrdē |
| dative | waúrda | waúrdam |
| accusative | waúrd | waúrda |
1.1.1. (b)
(subtype of -a- stem nouns)
|
nouns, -wa- stem, neuter gender
kniu
(knee) |
||
| singular | plural | |
| nominative | kniu | kniwa |
| genitive | kniwis | kniwē |
| dative | kniwa | kniwam |
| accusative | kniu | kniwa |
1.1.1. (c)
(subtype of -a- stem nouns)
|
nouns, -ja- stem, masculine gender
harjis
(army, host) |
||
| singular | plural | |
| nominative | harjis | harjōs |
| genitive | harjis | harjē |
| dative | harja | harjam |
| accusative | hari | harjans |
| vocative | hari | |
|
nouns, -ja- stem, masculine gender
hairdeis
(herd, shepherd) |
||
| singular | plural | |
| nominative | haírdeis | haírdjōs |
| genitive | haírdeis | haírdjē |
| dative | haírdja | haírdam |
| accusative | haírdi | haírdjans |
| vocative | haírdi | |
|
nouns, -ja- stem, neuter gender
kuni
(kin, tribe; race) |
||
| singular | plural | |
| nominative | kuni | kunja |
| genitive | kunjis | kunjē |
| dative | kunja | kunjam |
| accusative | kuni | kunja |
| vocative | kuni | |
1.1.1. (d) (mixed type -a-/-i-)
(subtype of -a- stem nouns)
|
nouns, -a- stem (mixed type -a-/-i-)*, masculine gender
aiws
(time; eternity) |
||
| singular | plural | |
| nominative | aiws | aiwos, aiweis |
| genitive | aiwis | aiwē |
| dative | aiwa | aiwam |
| accusative | aiw | aiwins |
* Nouns of this type were declined like [-a-] stem nouns in sing, and partly like [-i-] stem nouns – in pl (that is, had the endings of [-i-] stem nouns in Dat and/or Acc cases, pl).
|
nouns, -a- stem (mixed type -a-/-i-), masculine gender
wegs
(rough sea, storm, tempest) |
||
| singular | plural | |
| nominative | wegs | wegos |
| genitive | wegis | wegē |
| dative | wega | wegim |
| accusative | weg | wegans, wegins |
1.1.1. (e) (mixed type -ja-/-i-)
(subtype of -a- stem nouns)
|
nouns, -a- stem (mixed type -ja-/-i-)*, masculine gender
andeis
(end) |
||
| singular | plural | |
| nominative | andeis | andjōs |
| genitive | andeis | andē |
| dative | andja | andjam |
| accusative | andi | andins |
* Nouns belonging to this type of declension had the endings of [-ja-] stem and [-i-] stem nouns in sing and pl.
1.1.2. -o- stem nouns
1.1.2. (a)
|
nouns, -ō- stem, feminine gender
giba
(gift) |
||
| singular | plural | |
| nominative | giba | gibōs |
| genitive | gibōs | gibō |
| dative | gibai | gibōm |
| accusative | giba | gibōs |
The declension of several nouns ending in -wa (frijaþwa (love); triggwa (faithfulness; covenant); bandwa (sign); fijaþwa (hatred, enmity); ubizwa (porch, portico); wulwa (robbery)) is identical to that of [-o-] stem nouns. These nouns are sometimes sub-categorized as the [-wo-] stem subtype of the [-o-] stem declension of Gothic nouns.
1.1.2. (b)
(subtype of -o- stem nouns)
|
nouns, -jō- stem, feminine gender
sunja
(truth) |
||
| singular | plural | |
| nominative | sunja | sunjōs |
| genitive | sunjōs | sunjō |
| dative | sunjai | sunjōm |
| accusative | sunja | sunōs |
|
nouns, -jō- stem, feminine gender
bandi
(bond; fetter) |
||
| singular | plural | |
| nominative | bandi | bandjōs |
| genitive | bandjōs | bandjō |
| dative | bandjai | bandjōm |
| accusative | bandja | bandjōs |
|
nouns, -jō- stem, feminine gender
mawi
(maid, maiden) |
||
| singular | plural | |
| nominative | mawi | maujōs |
| genitive | maujōs | maujō |
| dative | maujai | maujōm |
| accusative | mauja | maujōs |
1.1.3. -i- stem nouns
1.1.3. (a)
|
nouns, -i- stem, masculine gender
gasts
(guest) |
||
| singular | plural | |
| nominative | gasts | gasteis |
| genitive | gastis | gastē |
| dative | gasta | gastim |
| accusative | gast | gastins |
| vocative | gast | |
|
nouns, -i- stem, feminine gender
mahts
(might, power) |
||
| singular | plural | |
| nominative | mahts | mahteis |
| genitive | mahtais | mahtē |
| dative | mahtai | mahtim |
| accusative | maht | mahtins |
|
nouns, -i- stem, feminine gender
qens
(woman; wife) |
||
| singular | plural | |
| nominative | qens | qeneis |
| genitive | qenais | qenē |
| dative | qenai | qenim |
| accusative | qen | qenins |
1.1.3. (b) (mixed type -i-/-o-)
(subtype of -i- stem nouns)
|
nouns, -i- stem (mixed type -i-/-o-)*, feminine gender
laiseins
(teaching, doctrine) |
||
| singular | plural | |
| nominative | laiseins | laiseinōs |
| genitive | laiseinais | laiseinō |
| dative | laiseinai | laiseinim |
| accusative | laisein | laiseinins |
* Nouns of this type were declined like [-i-] stem nouns in sing, and partly like [-ō-] stem nouns – in pl (that is, had the endings of [-ō-] stem nouns in Nom and Gen cases, pl).
|
nouns, -i- stem (mixed type -i-/-o-)**, feminine gender
haims
(village; town; country) |
||
| singular | plural | |
| nominative | haims | haimōs |
| genitive | haimais | haimō |
| dative | haimai | haimōm |
| accusative | haim | haimōs |
** Nouns of this particular subtype had the endings of [-i-] stem nouns in sing, and the endings of [-ō-] stem nouns – in pl).
1.1.4. -u- stem nouns
1.1.4. (a)
|
nouns, -u- stem, masculine gender
sunus
(son) |
||
| singular | plural | |
| nominative | sunus | sunjus |
| genitive | sunaus | suniwē |
| dative | sunau | sunum |
| accusative | sunu | sununs |
| vocative | sunu | |
|
nouns, -u- stem, feminine gender
handus
(hand) |
||
| singular | plural | |
| nominative | handus | handjus |
| genitive | handaus | handiwē |
| dative | handau | handum |
| accusative | handu | handuns |
|
nouns, -u- stem, neuter gender
faihu
(property, wealth) |
|
| singular | |
| nominative | faíhu |
| genitive | faíhaus |
| dative | faíhau |
| accusative | faíhu |
1.1.4. (b) (mixed type -u-/-i-)
(subtype of -u- stem nouns)
|
nouns, -u- stem (mixed type -u-/-i-)*, masculine gender
aggilus
(angel; messenger) |
||
| singular | plural | |
| nominative | aggilus | aggileis, aggiljus |
| genitive | aggilaus | aggilē |
| dative | aggilau | aggilum |
| accusative | aggilu | aggiluns |
|
nouns, -u- stem (mixed type -u-/-i-)*, masculine gender
apaustaulus
(apostle) |
||
| singular | plural | |
| nominative | apaustaulus | apaustauleis |
| genitive | apaustaulaus | apaustaulē |
| dative | apaustaulau | apaustaulum |
| accusative | apaustulu | apaustauluns, apaustuluns |
* Nouns of this type were declined like [-u-] stem nouns in sing, and partly like [-i-] stem nouns – in pl (that is, had the endings of [-i-] stem nouns in Nom and Gen cases, pl).
1.2. Consonantal-stem nouns
1.2.1. -n- stem nouns (weak declension)
1.2.1. (a)
|
nouns, -n- stem [-in-/-an- subtype], masculine gender
guma
(man, male person) |
||
| singular | plural | |
| nominative | guma | gumans |
| genitive | gumins | gumanē |
| dative | gumin | gumam |
| accusative | guman | gumans |
|
nouns, -n- stem [-in-/-an- subtype], neuter gender
hairto
(heart) |
||
| singular | plural | |
| nominative | haírto | haírtona |
| genitive | haírtins | haírtanē |
| dative | haírtin | haírtam |
| accusative | haírto | haírtona |
|
nouns, -n- stem [-in-/-an- subtype], neuter gender
wato
(water) |
||
| singular | plural | |
| nominative | watō | watna |
| genitive | watins | watnē |
| dative | watin | watnam |
| accusative | watō | watna |
| vocative | watō | |
|
nouns, -n- stem [-in-/-an- subtype], neuter gender
namo
(name) |
||
| singular | plural | |
| nominative | namō | namna |
| genitive | namins | namnē |
| dative | namin | namnam |
| accusative | namō | namna |
| vocative | namō | |
1.2.1. (b)
|
nouns, -n- stem [-ōn- subtype], feminine gender
qino
(woman) |
||
| singular | plural | |
| nominative | qino | qinons |
| genitive | qinons | qinono |
| dative | qinon | qinom |
| accusative | qinon | qinons |
|
nouns, -n- stem [-ōn- subtype], feminine gender
tuggo
(tongue) |
||
| singular | plural | |
| nominative | tuggo | tuggons |
| genitive | tuggons | tuggono |
| dative | tuggon | tuggom |
| accusative | tuggon | tuggons |
|
nouns, -n- stem [-ein- subtype], feminine gender
marei
(sea) |
||
| singular | plural | |
| nominative | marei | mareins |
| genitive | mareins | mareinō |
| dative | marein | mareim |
| accusative | marein | mareins |
1.2.2. Kinship terms
|
nouns, -r- stem masculine gender
broþar
(brother) |
||
| singular | plural | |
| nominative | broþar | broþrjus |
| genitive | broþrs | broþrē |
| dative | broþr | broþrum |
| accusative | broþar | broþruns |
|
nouns, -r- stem feminine gender
swistar
(sister) |
||
| singular | plural | |
| nominative | swistar | swistrjus |
| genitive | swistrs | swistrē |
| dative | swistr | swistrum |
| accusative | swistar | swistruns |
1.2.3. Participial nouns
|
nouns, -nd- stem, masculine gender
frijonds
(friend) |
||
| singular | plural | |
| nominative | frijōnds | frijōnds |
| genitive | frijōndis | frijōndē |
| dative | frijōnd | frijōndam |
| accusative | frijōnd | frijōnds |
| vocative | frijōnd | |
|
nouns, -nd- stem, masculine gender
nasjands
(saviour; the Saviour) |
||
| singular | plural | |
| nominative | nasjands | nasjands |
| genitive | nasjandis | nasjandē |
| dative | nasjand | nasjandam |
| accusative | nasjand | nasjands |
| vocative | nasjand | |
For the declension patterns of present participles proper (also containing the stem-forming element -nd-), vid under the section dedicated to the weak declension of adjectives – 2.2. (b)).
1.3. Root-stem nouns
|
root-stem nouns, feminine gender
baurgs
(town, borough; castle) |
||
| singular | plural | |
| nominative | baúrgs | baúrgs |
| genitive | baúrgs | baúrgē |
| dative | baúrg | baúrgim |
| accusative | baúrg | baúrgs |
|
root-stem nouns, masculine gender
reiks
(ruler, prince) |
||
| singular | plural | |
| nominative | reiks | reiks |
| genitive | reikis | reikē |
| dative | reik | reikam |
| accusative | reik | reiks |
|
root-stem nouns, masculine gender
manna
(man; a human being) |
||
| singular | plural | |
| nominative | manna | mans, mannans |
| genitive | mans | mannē |
| dative | mann | mannam |
| accusative | mannan | mans, mannans |
