2. Anglo-Saxon strong and weak adjectives
2.1. Strong declension of adjectives
-a-, -ō- stemmed adjectives
(a) short-stemmed version
|
strong declension of -a-, -o- stemmed adjectives
ȝlæd (glad, cheerful) |
|||
| singular number | |||
| masculine gender | feminine gender | neuter gender | |
| nominative | ȝlæd | ȝladu, ȝlado | ȝlæd |
| genitive | ȝlades | ȝlædre | ȝlades |
| dative | ȝladum | ȝlædre | ȝladum |
| instrumental | ȝlade | - | ȝlade |
| accusative | ȝlædne | ȝlade | ȝlæd |
| plural number | |||
| masculine gender | feminine gender | neuter gender | |
| nominative | ȝlade | ȝlada, ȝlade | ȝladu, ȝlado |
| genitive | ȝlædra | ȝlædra | ȝlædra |
| dative (instrumental) | ȝladum | ȝladum | ȝladum |
| accusative | ȝlade | ȝlada, ȝlade | ȝladu, ȝlado |
(b) long-stemmed version
Differs from the short-stemmed version only by the absence of the endings -u and -o in Nom sing fem and in Nom and Acc pl neut.
|
strong declension of -a-, -o- stemmed adjectives
ȝód (good) |
|||
| singular number | |||
| masculine gender | feminine gender | neuter gender | |
| nominative | ȝód | ȝód | ȝód |
| genitive | ȝódes | ȝódre | ȝódes |
| dative | ȝódum | ȝódre | ȝódum |
| instrumental | ȝóde | - | ȝóde |
| accusative | ȝódne | ȝóde | ȝód |
| plural number | |||
| masculine gender | feminine gender | neuter gender | |
| nominative | ȝóde | ȝóda, ȝóde | ȝód |
| genitive | ȝódra | ȝódra | ȝódra |
| dative (instrumental) | ȝódum | ȝódum | ȝódum |
| accusative | ȝóde | ȝóda, ȝóde | ȝód |
(c) -ja-, -jō- stemmed adjectives
Adjectives of this type are characterized by the presence of the ending -e in Nom sing masc and neut.
|
strong declension of -ja-, -jō- stemmed adjectives
wilde (wild) |
|||
| singular number | |||
| masculine gender | feminine gender | neuter gender | |
| nominative | wilde | wildu, wildo | wilde |
| genitive | wildes | wildre | wildes |
| dative | wildum | wildre | wildum |
| instrumental | wilde | - | wilde |
| accusative | wildne | wilde | wilde |
| plural number | |||
| masculine gender | feminine gender | neuter gender | |
| nominative | wilde | wilda, wilde | wildu, wildo |
| genitive | wildra | wildra | wildra |
| dative (instrumental) | wildum | wildum | wildum |
| accusative | wilde | wilda, wilde | wildu, wildo |
In the OE, the declension of the adjectives, originally belonging to the -i- stemmed type (such as bryce (breakable; frail); swice (deceitful, fraudulent), etc) fully coincided with the declension of the -ja-, -jō- stemmed type. The adjectives historically belonging to the -u- stemmed type are represented only by the Nom sing forms of the adjectives wlacu (lukewarm, tepid) and cwucu (alive, quick).
The declension of possessive pronouns and some other adjectival pronouns (with the exception of demonstrative ones) belonged to the same type.
2.2. Weak declension of adjectives
The weak declension of adjectives is essentially the same as that of -n- stem nouns.
|
weak declension of adjectives
ȝóda (good) |
|||
| singular number | |||
| masculine gender | feminine gender | neuter gender | |
| nominative | ȝóda | ȝóde | ȝóde |
| genitive | ȝódan | ȝódan | ȝódan |
| dative (instrumental) | ȝódan | ȝódan | ȝódan |
| accusative | ȝódan | ȝódan | ȝódan |
| plural number | |||
| all genders | |||
| nominative | ȝódan | ||
| genitive | ȝódra | ||
| dative (instrumental) | ȝódum | ||
| accusative | ȝódan | ||
